Chapter 8: Circulatory System

Question 0

Systemic circulation

Answer 0

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues and returns the blood with much of its oxygen exchanged for carbon dioxide back to the heart

Question 1

Chambers of the heart

Answer 1

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 2

Pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

Circuits blood from the heart to the lungs for the purpose of ridding the body of carbon dioxide and picking up oxygen

Question 3

Valves & functions

Answer 3

Pulmonary and Semilunar Valves: prevents back flow of blood during contraction of the heart

Question 4

Mediastinum

Answer 4

An area in the area of the middle of the chest that contains the heart and it’s vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and lymph nodes

Question 5

Endocardium

Answer 5

Innermost layer of the heart

Question 6

Myocardium

Answer 6

Middle layer of heart

Question 7

Pericardium

Answer 7

A membrane sac; a tough fibrous tissue that constitutes the outermost sac, fits loosely around the heart and protects it

Question 8

SA node

Answer 8

Natural pacemaker of the heart; located at the junction of the right atrium and superior vena cava

Question 9

Septum

Answer 9

Dividing wall or partition

Question 10

Coronary arteries

Answer 10

Arteries that supply blood to the heart

Question 11

Major blood vessels

Answer 11

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 12

Arteries

Answer 12

Carries oxygen-rich blood to body tissues

Question 13

Veins

Answer 13

Carries oxygen-poor blood back to the heart

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

Microscopic blood vessels that receive blood from the arterioles

Question 15

Largest to smallest: capillaries, arteries, arterioles, venules, veins

Answer 15

Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Veins
Venules

Question 16

Phlebotomy

Answer 16

Opening of a vein to draw blood for laboratory analysis

Question 17

Vasodilation/angiectasis

Answer 17

Dilation of a vessel, especially dilation of arterioles leading to increase blood flow

Question 18

Cardio pulmonary resuscitation

Answer 18

An emergency first aid procedure used to reestablish heart and lung action

Question 19

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Answer 19

General term for the management of coronary artery occlusions by any catheter based technique

Question 20

Stents

Answer 20

Expandable mesh like structure used to keep partially blocked blood vessels open

Question 21

Sclerotherapy

Answer 21

Helps to eliminate superficial varicose veins by injection of hardening agent

Question 22

Coronary Vasodilators

Answer 22

Prescribed for angina pectoris, they cause dilation of blood vessels

Question 23

Cardioversion

Answer 23

Procedure that uses electrical shock to restore the normal rhythm of the heart

Question 24

Cardioplegia

Answer 24

Stoppage of heart contractions induced by chemicals during surgery

Question 25

Atrioseptoplasty

Answer 25

Surgical procedure used to correct an atrial septal defect

Question 26

What does blood pressure measure?

Answer 26

The pressure exerted by the circulating blood on the walls of the arteries and veins and on the chambers of the heart

Question 27

Systolic

Answer 27

Maximum pressure on the artery

Question 28

Diastolic

Answer 28

Amount of pressure that still exists when the heart is relaxed

Question 29

Hypertension

Answer 29

Increased blood pressure

Question 30

Hypotension

Answer 30

Decreased blood pressure

Question 31

Factors that influence hypertension

Answer 31

Cardiac output, blood volume, blood viscosity, and elasticity of arterial walls

Question 32

Normal blood pressure

Answer 32

120/80 mm Hg

Question 33

Normal pulse

Answer 33

60 - 100 BPM

Question 34

Lymph

Answer 34

Fluid that circulated through the lymphatic system

Question 35

Lymph nodes

Answer 35

Knotty structures along the lymphatic system that filters the lymph

Question 36

Main types of lymph nodes

Answer 36

Cervical lymph nodes Axillary Inguinal lymph nodes

Question 37

Structures of lymphatic system

Answer 37

Spleen Thymus Tonsil

Question 38

Spleen - above kidney, largest lymphatic organ

Answer 38

Performs important tasks such as defense, production of lymphocytes and plasma cells, blood storage, and destruction/recycling RBC and platelets

Question 39

Thymus - above heart

Answer 39

Important in the maturation of T-cells and help with the production of antibodies

Question 40

Tonsil - in the pharynx

Answer 40

Small masses of lymphatic tissue of several types and designate the palatine antibodies

Question 41

Lymphedema

Answer 41

Swelling of the subcutaneous tissue of an extremity as a result of obstruction of the lymphatics

Question 42

Thrombolymphangitis

Answer 42

Inflammation of a lymph vessel caused by a blood clot

Question 43

Contraction of heart

Answer 43

Systole

Question 44

Radiography of lymph vessels

Answer 44

Lymphangiography

Question 45

Pertaining to an atrium and a ventricle

Answer 45

Artioventricular

Question 46

Acting against an irregular heart beat

Answer 46

Antiarrhythmia

Question 47

Aerial septal defect

Answer 47

An abnormal opening in the part if the septum that deprecated left and right atrium

Question 48

Ventricular septal defect

Answer 48

Abnormal opening in the septum dividing the right and left ventricles

Question 49

Arrhythmia

Answer 49

Without rhythm; variation in normal heart beat rhythm

Question 50

Asystole

Answer 50

Absence of heartbeat or contraction

Question 51

Heart murmur

Answer 51

Abnormal heart sounds

Question 52

Myocardial infarction

Answer 52

Necrosis of a portion of cardiac muscle caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery; heart attack

Question 53

Ventricular fibrillation

Answer 53

Severe cardiac arrhythmia in which ventricular contractions are too rapid for circulation

Question 54

Endocarditis

Answer 54

Inflammation in the heart

Question 55

Pericarditis

Answer 55

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 56

Hemopericardium

Answer 56

An effusion of the blood into the pericardial space

Question 57

Cardiac tamponade

Answer 57

Compression of the heart caused by an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space

Question 58

Cardiac catheterization

Answer 58

Diagnostic procedure in which catheter introduced through an incision into a large blood vessel of the arm, leg, or neck and threaded through the circulatory system of the heart

Question 59

Defibrillator

Answer 59

Electric apparatus that has defibrillator paddles to deliver a preset voltage

Question 60

Echocardiogram

Answer 60

Graphic record of the heart obtained during echography

Question 61

Electrocardiograph

Answer 61

Instrument to record the heart

Question 62

Holter monitor

Answer 62

Portable electrocardiograph that a person can wear

Question 63

Pump oxygenator

Answer 63

Used in heart surgeries to divert blood heart and lungs, then returned directly to the sorts and pumped to the rest of the body

Question 64

Arteriosclerotic heart disease

Answer 64

Hardening and thickening of the walls if the coronary arteries

Question 65

Atherosclerosis

Answer 65

Form of arteriosclerosis, characterized by the formation of fatty deposits on the walls of arteries

Question 66

Coronary artery disease

Answer 66

An abnormal condition if the coronary arteries that caused reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium

Question 67

Embolus

Answer 67

Clot or other plug brought by the bloodstream and forced into smaller vessels and then lodges

Question 68

Coronary thrombosis

Answer 68

Formation of a blood clot in a coronary artery

Question 69

Coronary occlusion

Answer 69

Obstruction/blockage of a coronary artery

Question 70

Cerebrovascular accident

Answer 70

An abnormal condition characterized by occlusion of a vessel of the brain by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage

Question 71

Ischemia

Answer 71

Deficiency of blood from functional constriction or actual obstruction of a blood vessel

Question 72

Thrombophlebitis

Answer 72

Inflammation of a vein, may be a complication of a clot