Chapter 8 - Comparing health status and human development across countries Flashcards
(33 cards)
Reliant on primary production
The process of producing natural products for human use, such as plants and animals
Subsistence farming
Self-sufficient farming carried out by individuals to provide food for themselves and their family
What does it mean developed countries
Were considered to have a high level of economic development and they were not solely reliant on primary production
What does it mean developing countries
Had a low level of economic development and relied largely on primary production and subsistence farming
Gross national income (GNI)
The total value of goods and services a country’s citizens produce, including the value of income earned by citizens who may be working in an overseas country (per capita is at country’s average income)
Gross domestic product (GDP)
A measure that reflects the economic state of a country the value of all goods and services produced in a country in a 12-month period
High income countries examples
$12846 – more
- Australia
- USA
- United Kingdom
Middle income country examples
$4466 – $1136
- China
- Fiji
- Turkey
Low income country examples
$1135 – less
- Chad
- South Sudan
- Rwanda
- Afghanistan
What is the world bank
Economic characteristics
- Levels of poverty
- Range of industries
- Global trade
- Average incomes
Economic characteristics meaning
Are a range of factors relating to the financial or economic state of a country
Economic characteristics - low levels of poverty
High income:
- Small amount of population living in poverty
Middle income:
- Some of population living in poverty
Low income:
- Large proportion of population living in poverty
Economic characteristics - wide range of industries
High income:
- Range of industries including mining, processing, manufacturing
Middle income:
- Mixture of industries
Low income:
- Limited range of industries usually centered on farming and primary production
Economic characteristics - opportunities for global trade
High income:
- High levels of global trade which reflects high level of infrastructure
Middle income:
- Emerging global trade
Low income:
- Very few opportunities for global trade not generating goods desired by other countries combined with low levels of infrastructure
Economic characteristics - high average incomes
High income:
- GNI per capita range $13846+
Middle income:
- GNI per capita range $4466-$1135
Low income:
- $1135-
Wider range of industries and greater opportunities for global trade = higher average income
Limited range of industries and less opportunities for global trade = lower average incomes
Social characteristics
(she let be)
- Gender equality
- birth and population rates
- Employment and education
- Social security systems
- Health systems
- Access to technology
- Legal systems
Social characteristics - high levels of gender equality
High income:
- Often experience gender equality therefore males and females have opportunities and choices
Low income:
- Females do not have the same opportunities as males in society. Females may have limited opportunities for education and employment.
Social characteristics - low birth rates and population growth
Low and middle income:
- High birth rates which can limit the ability of parents to care for all of their children and provide them with the resources required to live a healthy life
Social characteristics - high levels of education and employment
High income:
- High rates of education and employment are
Middle income:
- Governments contribute significant funds to provide education opportunities
Low income:
-Many do not have a developed education system and families usually have to pay for their children to attend school.
Social characteristics - developed social security systems
High income:
- High levels of economic development and stable political systems increase the ability of governments in high income countries to provide social security payments for those in need
Middle and low income:
- Low and middle income countries often do not have the means to provide assistance to those who are unemployed or unable to work and they are driven further into poverty
Social characteristics - developed health systems
High income:
- Generally have public health systems. People are usually able to access basic healthcare when they need require it regardless of their ability to pay
Low and middle income:
- Often lack access to suitable healthcare, which affects the level of health and wellbeing they experience
Social characteristics - access to technology
High income:
- Technology is more accessible due to a combination of economic resources, infrastructure and education
Low income:
- Often lack access to technology and this impacts on the ability of citizens to gain an education and earn an income
Social characteristics - developed legal systems
High income:
- Experience strong and stable political and legal systems
Low income:
- Lack a strong legal system, and the health and wellbeing of their citizens can be affected as a result
