Chapter 8 Fossils

Question 1

Fossil

Answer 1

Naturally preserved evidence of life,

Whole body isn’t fossilized, soft parts decay or get eaten. Hard parts buried in sediment slowly turn into rock

Question 2

Mold

Answer 2

Hardened sediment that form around organism

Question 3

Cast

Answer 3

Model of organism that forms when sediment fills a mold and hardens

Question 4

What happens to an organisms stored energy when it dies?

Answer 4

Remains in organism cells; temperature and pressure layers above change dead organism into fossil fuels

Question 5

Fossil fuels

Answer 5

Energy rich resources form from buried remains of organisms that were once alive

Question 6

Petroleum & natural gas

Answer 6

Mainly form from organism that lived in the ocean

Question 7

Coal

Answer 7

Form from decayed swamp plants piling up, decaying, and pressed into coal

Question 8

Where are fossil fuels found

Answer 8

Since petroleum and natural gas form mainly from organisms that lived in the ocean, these fossil fuels are found where oceans used to be. Coal deposits found where swamps were

Question 9

How old is the earth?

Answer 9

4.6 billion yrs old

Question 10

Why is no rock on earths surface as old as the earth?

Answer 10

Rock is constantly being created and destroyed

Question 11

Index fossils

Answer 11

Fossils of organisms that lived during a relatively short time span, are common, and found in many places

Question 12

What does it mean when the same fossil types are found in widely separate places on Earth?

Answer 12

Land masses used to be in different places

Question 13

Continental drift

Answer 13

Process by which continents have moved slowly from one position to another

Question 14

How can you find out what kinds of ecosystems existed in certain areas in the past?

Answer 14

Look at fossils

Question 15

How do scientists study organisms that are extinct?

Answer 15

Study their fossils

Question 16

Fossil record

Answer 16

Shows how the kinds organisms that lived on Earth have changed over time

Question 17

Mass extinction

Answer 17

Period in which a large number of species become extinct relatively quickly

Question 18

Do scientists know what caused a mass extinction?

Answer 18

No, they think any event greatly changing the environment can cause a mass extinction

Question 19

How do some species avoid extinction?

Answer 19

Adapted

Question 20

Examples of fossils

Answer 20

Preserved remains, mold, cast, animal’s burrow, animal’s waste, footprint

Question 21

Why are animals with hard parts parts more likely to become than animals with soft parts?

Answer 21

Soft parts decay or get eaten

Question 22

Explain how fossil fuels form?

Answer 22

Animal dies but stored energy remains, overtime it’s buried by sediment. Temperature & pressure slowly turn remains into fossil fuels

Question 23

Why has natural gas use replaced coal use?

Answer 23

Burns cleaner producing less air pollution

Question 24

What can be assumed about an area that is rich with petroleum?

Answer 24

It was an ocean

Question 25

What can scientists learn from the fossil record?

Answer 25

How earth has changed over time

Question 26

What do you know about different layers of rock that you see?

Answer 26

Oldest layers are on bottom, youngest on top

Question 27

A place in CA where organisms are trapped in tar and become fossilized

Answer 27

Labretarpits

Question 28

When an organism dies, stored energy in its body is changed by heat and pressure into what?

Answer 28

Fossil fuels

Question 29

Organism with these parts are more likely to form fossil fuels

Answer 29

Hard parts

Question 30

Model formed when sediment fills a mold

Answer 30

Cast

Question 31

Organism that lived during relatively short time span, common and found in many places

Answer 31

Index fossil

Question 32

Petroleum and natural gas for from organisms that once lived in

Answer 32

Ocean

Question 33

Where are the oldest rock layers?

Answer 33

Bottom

Question 34

Would calm or fast water be more likely to form a fossil?

Answer 34

Calm

Question 35

Process by which continents moved slowly from one position to another

Answer 35

Continental drift

Question 36

Period in which large number of species became extinct relatively quickly

Answer 36

Mass extinction

Question 37

Is a land organism or a water organism more likely to form a fossil?

Answer 37

Water

Question 38

Know when an index fossil lived tells us what about the rock in which we found it?

Answer 38

Age

Question 39

Any natural preserved evidence of life

Answer 39

Fossil

Question 40

Hardest sediment forms what of an organism shape

Answer 40

Mold

Question 41

Coal forms from organisms that once lived where?

Answer 41

Swamps