Chapter 9- Water

Question 1

Why is the Earth often called the Water Planet?

Answer 1

About 70% of the earth is covered by water

Question 2

What is the water cycle?

Answer 2

Cycle where water on Earth is continuously being recycled above, across, & through ecosystems

Question 3

What drives the water cycle?

Answer 3

The sun

Question 4

Where is most of the Earth’s water?

Answer 4

Oceans

Question 5

Evaporation

Answer 5

Process of liquid water changing into water vapor?

Question 6

Condensation

Answer 6

Process of water vapor changing into liquid water, water vapor joins other gases in the atmosphere and cools as it rises high into the air. When it cools enough, it condenses and forms clouds.

Question 7

Precipitation

Answer 7

Solid or liquid water falls from air to earth (rain, sleet, hail, snow). Drops of condensed water in clouds collide and get larger. When drops are too heavy to be held up by air currents, they fall to the Earth.

Question 8

Groundwater

Answer 8

Water in gaps and pores in rocks below Earth’s surface, can collect in underground lakes called aquifers

Question 9

What is fresh water?

Answer 9

Water with very low salt content

Question 10

How much of the water on Earth is fresh water?

Answer 10

3%

Question 11

How much is salt water?

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

Why is over 3/4 of Earth’s water impossible to use?

Answer 12

It’s frozen

Question 13

Where does almost all of the usable fresh water on Earth come from?

Answer 13

Groundwater

Question 14

Continental shelf

Answer 14

Gradually sloping part of the ocean floor made of continental crust

Question 15

Continental slope

Answer 15

Birder between continental crust and oceanic crust

Question 16

Abyssal plain

Answer 16

Vast, flat floor of the ocean that covers almost 1/2 of Earth’s surface

Question 17

Mid-ocean ridges

Answer 17

Mountain ranges on the ocean floor

Question 18

How do oceans affect climate?

Answer 18

Help keep land cool during summer and warm during winter. Differences in water and land temperature cause winds to form.

Question 19

Currents

Answer 19

Steady, stream-like movements of the ocean caused by wind, gravity, heat from the sun, and Earth’s rotation

Question 20

Surface currents

Answer 20

Easy to predict, produced by global winds that move in patterns

Question 21

How can currents cause warm climates to cool down?

Answer 21

Cool water currents form near poles and flow toward the equator

Question 22

What are the resources of the ocean?

Answer 22

Water, saltwater organisms, no food products like pearls, sea salt, petroleum, sand

Question 23

Water

Answer 23

Salt must be removed in desalination plants

Question 24

Saltwater organisms

Answer 24

Shrimp, lobster, seaweed, etc

Question 25

Sea salt

Answer 25

Used for cooking, agriculture, preserving, meat,refining metals, etc

Question 26

How are ocean zones determined?

Answer 26

By depth of the water

Question 27

What happens as ocean depth increases?

Answer 27

Less light

Question 28

Intertidal zone

Answer 28

Area of ocean between levels of high tide and low tide, shallowest and brightest zone where environment is always changing

Question 29

How do intertidal organisms handle environment changes?

Answer 29

Some bury themselves in sand, some hide under rock, others close shells tightly, trapping water inside.

Question 30

Near-shore zone

Answer 30

Includes most of the ocean over the continental shelf, relatively shallow and gets a lot of sunlight

Question 31

Open-ocean zone

Answer 31

Includes most water over the continental slope and abyssal plain; cold, deep, and dark; 90% of the ocean

Question 32

Coral reefs

Answer 32

Large delicate structures built by living coral in shallow, sunlit water in the near-shore zone

Question 33

How do coral reefs form?

Answer 33

Use minerals dissolved in ocean water to form hard skeletons. Living corals attach to skeletons of dead coral to slowly form a reef

Question 34

What do reefs provide?

Answer 34

Underwater surfaces easily reached by sunlight and shelter for many kinds of animals

Question 35

Deep ocean vents

Answer 35

Recently discovered ecosystem deep in ocean that gets energy from chemical reactions instead of the sun

Question 36

What chemicals make the energy in deep ocean vents.

Answer 36

Volcanic vents spew hot water containing sulfur and iron chemicals. Bacteria uses these to store energy and are depended on by rest of ecosystem for energy