Chapter 8-Hypothesis Testing

Question 1

Hypothesis Testing

Answer 1

statistical procedure that allows us to use data from a sample to draw inferences about a population

Question 2

Alpha Level

Answer 2

A probability value used to define the concept of “very unlikely” in a hypothesis test ( the threshold for statistical significance)

Question 3

What does the alpha level determine?

Answer 3

Risk of Type I Error (false positive)

Question 4

Critical Regions

Answer 4

Composed of extreme sample values in the tail of distribution that are very unlikely to occur (as defined by the alpha level) if the null hypothesis is true

Question 5

P value

Answer 5

probability of obtaining a test statistic as extreme or more extreme than that found if H0 is true.

Question 6

Effect Size

Answer 6

Measure of the absolute magnitude of a difference, effect, or relationship

Question 7

Effect Size and the Null Hypothesis

Answer 7

The larger the size of the difference, effect, or relationship, the greater the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis

Question 8

Directionality and Null Hypothesis

Answer 8

There is a greater likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis for a one-tailed test versus a two-tailed test

Question 9

Alpha value and null hypothesis

Answer 9

The larger the value of , the greater the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis

Question 10

Sample size and null hypothesis

Answer 10

The larger the sample size the greater the probability of being able to detect a difference, effect, or relationship (i.e., rejecting H0)

Question 11

Two tailed (non-directional) test

Answer 11

he critical region is divided between the two tails of the distribution

Question 12

Type I Error (False Positive)

Answer 12

Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact there is no difference, effect, or relationship (i.e., when you should not have rejected it)

Question 13

Type II Error (False negative)

Answer 13

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in fact there is a difference, effect, or relationship (i.e., when you should have rejected it)

Question 14

Statistical Power -reduces the risk of making a type II error

Answer 14

Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when there is a difference, effect, or relationship (i.e., when you should)

Question 15

A larger sample produces a small ________ and large ________

Answer 15

standard error and larger z

Question 16

Larger standard deviation increases the_______ and produces a smaller ________

Answer 16

standard error and smaller z