Chapter 8: Intelligence Flashcards
What are the Binet Tests?
A series of questions of varying difficulty designed to measure a person’s intelligence. Measured Intelligence Quotient = Mental Age / Chronological Age x 100
What did Alfred Binet believe about the core of intelligence?
That it consisted of several complex cognitive factors, and that a child’s intelligence increases with age.
What factors does the Stanford-Binet 5 test measure?
Fluid reasoning Knowledge Quantitative reasoning Visual-spatial reasoning Working memory
“FucK Quickly, Very Well”
What is a normal distribution?
A symmetrical, bell-shaped curve with a majority of the cases falling in the middle of the possible range of scores and few scores appearing toward the extremes of the range.
How many standard deviations do you need to be above the norm to have gifted intelligence, or below the norm to have retarded intelligence?
2
Why would someone use the Wechsler Intelligence Test over the Stanford-Binet Test?
Because it provides an overall intelligence score as well as indexes for several intelligence factors, able to see whether an individual is strong or weak in different areas.
What are the 3 different Wechsler Tests?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI-III)
What does Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of multiple intelligences consist of?
Creative Intelligence
Analytical Intelligence
Practical Intelligence
*think: CAP
What does Gardner’s Theory of multiple intelligences argue?
That there are multiple facets to intelligence that cannot be measured with an IQ test. He suggested that individuals can be strong in one area and weak in another.
What are the 9 distinct types of intelligence in Gardner’s Theory?
Verbal-Linguistic, Bodily-Kinesthetic, Spatial, Mathematical, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Naturalist, Existentialist
Think: VBSMMIINE (“Phoebe is mine”)
On average, how heritable is intelligence?
50%
Is intelligence more dependent on environment in children or adults?
Children
Which environmental influences affect IQ score?
Parent-child communication, socioeconomic status, schooling
There is a worldwide increase in intelligence scores though history. What is the name for this phenomenon?
Flynn Effect
In the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, which three scales are administered to the child?
Cognitive, Language, Motor
In the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, which two scales are administered to the caregiver?
Socio-emotional, Adaptive
How should a 6-month old perform on the Bayley cognitive scale?
- Ability to vocalize pleasure and displeasure
- Persistent search for objects just out of reach
- Approach a mirror
How should a 12-month old perform on the Bayley cognitive scale?
- Ability to inhibit behaviour when asked to do so
- Imitate words that the examiner says
- Respond to simple requests
What is the Fagan Test of Infant Intelligence?
Tests infant’s ability to process information – encoding attributes of objects, detecting similarities and differences, formal mental representations, retrieving mental representations.
How are the Fagan and Bayley tests different?
Fagan is correlated with measures of intelligence in older children and associated with a child’s intelligence later in life, Bayley is not.
Why is there a difference in the rate of intelligence decline depending on whether you use longitudinal or cross-sectional approaches?
Cohort Effects (depending on the generational differences)
What are cognitive mechanics?
The “hardware” of the mind – Speed and accuracy in sensory input, attention, visual and motor memory, comparison, etc.
Age related declines are due to biology, heredity and health.
What are cognitive pragmatics?
The “software” of the mind – reading and writing, language comprehension, self/life skills, etc.
Improvement into old age is possible.
What does the Seattle Longitudinal Study measure?
Intellectual abilities during adulthood, specifically: Verbal Comprehension Verbal Memory Numeric Ability Spatial Orientation Inductive Reasoning Perceptual Speed
