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HLSC 120 > Chapter 8 Lower Limb > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones in the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton?

A

80 - axial
126 - appendicular
206 - total

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2
Q

Skeleton of the Lower LImb

A

Consists of two separate regions

  • A single pelvic girdle (2 bones)
  • The free part (30 bones)
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3
Q

Skeleton of Free Lower Limb (Femur)

A
  • Head
  • Fovea capitis
  • Greater and Lesser trochanters
  • Intertrochanteric crest
  • Gluteal tuberosity
  • Medial and Lateral condyles
  • Medial and lateral epicondyles
  • Intercondylar fossa
    USE WILEYPLUS TO STUDY DIAGRAM
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4
Q

Patella Surface Features

A
  • Base (top)
  • Articular facets
  • Forms the patellofemoral
    Wileyplus for labelling
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5
Q

Tibia Surface Features

A
  • Lateral and medial condyles
  • Tibial tuberosity
  • Medial malleolus
  • Distal tibiofibular joint
    Wileyplus for labelling
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6
Q

Fibula Surface Featurs

A
  • Proximal tibiofibular joint
  • Lateral malleolus
    Wileyplus for labelling
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7
Q

Foot Bone 3 Categories

A
  1. Tarsus (7)
  2. Metatarsals (5)
  3. Phalanges (14)
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8
Q

Foot Bones Details

A
  • 7 tarsal bones
    • Talus articulates with tibia and fibula
    • Calcaneus: the largest and strongest heel bone
    • Other bones are navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiforms
  • 5 metatarsals (I-V): base, shaft, head
  • 14 phalanges
  • Big toe is hallux
  • Tarsus = ankle
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9
Q

Mnemonic for Tarsals

A

Tall Centres Never Take Shots From Corners

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, Third Cuneiform, Second Cuneiform, First Cuneiform, Cuboid

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10
Q

Arches of the Foot (Names)

A

3 arches, 2 support the weight of the body

  • Medial longitudinal arch: extends from the heel to the big toe
  • Lateral longitudinal arch: lower than medial LA
  • Transverse arch: runs perpendicular to the LA’s.
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11
Q

Arches of the Foot (Functions)

A
  1. Provide spring and leverage to the foot when walking
  2. The arches flex when the body weight is applied
  3. Flatfoot: when the arches decrease or “fall”
  4. Clawfoot: too much arch occurs due to various pathologies.
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12
Q

Thigh Muscles that Move the Knee Joint / Leg

A
  1. Anterior Extensor Muscles (Quadriceps Femoris group)
  2. Posterior Flexor Muscles
    (Hamstrings Femoris group)
  3. Medial Femoris Muscles
    (Gracilis)
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13
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Anterior Extensor Muscles (Quadriceps Femoris group)
O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Tibial Tuberosity
F: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip

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14
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Anterior Extensor Muscles (Quadriceps Femoris group)
O: Greater trochanter and line aspera of the femur
I: Tibial Tuberosity
F: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip

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15
Q

Vastus Medialis

A

Anterior Extensor Muscles (Quadriceps Femoris group)
O: Linea aspera of femur
I: Tibial Tuberosity
F: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip

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16
Q

Vastus Intermedius

A

Anterior Extensor Muscles (Quadriceps Femoris group)
O: Anterior and lateral surface of the body of the femur
I: Tibial Tuberosity
F: Extends leg at knee joint and flexes thigh at hip

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17
Q

Biceps Femoris

A

Posterior Flexor Muscles
(Hamstrings Femoris group)
O: Long head from ischial tuberosity and short head from line aspera of the femur
I: Head and lateral condyle of fibula
F: Flexes the leg at the knee joint and extend the thigh at the hip

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18
Q

Semimembranosus

A 
Posterior Flexor Muscles
(Hamstrings Femoris group)
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
F: Flexes the leg at the knee joint and extend the thigh at the hip
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19
Q

Semiteninosus

A 
Posterior Flexor Muscles
(Hamstrings Femoris group)
O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Shaft of tibia
F: Flexes the leg at the knee joint and extend the thigh at the
20
Q

Gracilis

A

Medial Femoris Muscle
O: The body and inferior ramus of the pubis
I: Medial surface of the tibia ‘s body
F: Adducts thigh at hip joint, rotates thigh medially, and flexes leg at knee joint

21
Q

Leg Muscles 3 Compartments

A
  1. Anterior Compartment (3)
  2. Lateral Compartment (1)
  3. Posterior Compartment (7)
22
Q

Extensor Halliucis Longus

A

Anterior Compartment

Extends great toe and dorsiflexes foot at ankle

23
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

Anterior Compartment

Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

24
Q

Extensor Digitorium Longus

A

Anterior Compartment
Extends toes 2-5
Dorsiflexes foot at ankle joint

25
Q

Fibularis Longus and Brevis

A

Lateral Compartment

Both muscles evert the foot and are weak in flexing the plantar

26
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Superficial Posterior Compartment

Flexes leg at knee, plantar flexes foot at ankle

27
Q

Soleus

A

Superficial Posterior Compartment

Plantar flexes foot at ankle

28
Q

Plantaris

A

Superficial Posterior Compartment

Weak leg flexor, flexes foot at ankle joint

29
Q

Flexor digitorium longus

A

Deep Posterior Compartment

Plantar flexes foot at the ankle joint

30
Q

Flexor hallicus longus

A

Deep Posterior Compartment

Plantar flexes foot at the ankle joint

31
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Deep Posterior Compartment

Plantar flexes and and inverts the foot

32
Q

Popiteus

A

Deep Posterior Compartment

Flexes leg, medially rotates tibia to unlock the knee

33
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

A

They insert within the foot

Function: support and locomotion

34
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis

A

First Layer

Attaches to middle phalanges of toes, and flexes toes 2-5 at IP and metatarsophalangeal joint

35
Q

Abductor hallucis

A

First Layer

Abducts and flexes the great toe

36
Q

Abductor digiti minimi

A

First Layer

Abducts and flexes the little toe

37
Q

Quadratus plantae

A

Second Layer

Attaches to the tendons of the digitorium longus to flex toes 2-5

38
Q

Lumbricales muscles

A

Second Layer
Attaches to tendons of the flexor digitorium longus. Serves to flex the MP joints, extends toes 2-5 at the interphalangeal joint

39
Q

Adductor hallucis

A

Third Layer

Adducts and flexes great toe

40
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis

A

Third Layer

Flexes great toe and MTP joint

41
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Third Layer

Flexes little toes at MTP joint

42
Q

Dorsal interossei

A

Fourth Layer

Adducts and flexes toes 2-5 and MTP and extends toes at IP

43
Q

Plantar interossei

A

Fourth Layer

Adducts and flexes proximal MTP and extends toe at IP joint

44
Q

Sacral Plexus

A 
L4, L5, S1-S4
Innervates:
- lower back
- pelvis
- perineum
- posterior surface of the high and leg
- dorsum and plantar of the foot`
45
Q

Common Fibular Nerve

A

Innervates anterior, lateral leg and dorsum of the foot

  1. Superficial gluteal nerve
  2. Inferior gluteal nerve
  3. Nerve to piriformis
  4. Pudendal (S2-S4)
46
Q

Arteries to the lower limb

A 
Abdominal aorta
Internal iliac artery
External iliac artery
Femoral artery 
Popliteal artery
Anterior and posterior tibial artery
Fibular/perineal artery
- doralis pedis
     - digitial arteries (dorsal and plantar)
- plantar arch
47
Q

Veins to the lower limb

A 
Anterior and posterior tibial
Popliteal vein
Deep femoral vein
Great and small saphenous veins
Femoral vein
External Iliac (sacroiliac joint)
Internal Iliac vein
Common Iliac vein
Inferior vena cava

HLSC 120 (5 decks)

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