Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Human Body > Chapter 8- Muscles > Flashcards

Chapter 8- Muscles Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

walls of hollowed organs, vessels, respiratory passageways, tapered at each end, branching networks, non striated, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

wall of heart, intercalated disks, involuntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

attached to bones, long and cylindrical, multinucleated, heavily striated, voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functions of Muscular System

A

Skeletal Movement
Posture Maintenance
Heat Generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Muscle Tone

A

steady partial contraction of muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endomysium

A

Single muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fascicle

A

group of fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Perimysium

A

wrapped around fascicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Epimysium

A

around groups of fascicles or whole muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tendons

A

attach muscle to bone, fascia extended out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Motor Impulses

A

impulses traveling away from the CNS towards the muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Motor Unit

A

a single neuron and all the muscle fibers it stimulates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Small motor units

A

fine movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large motor units

A

broad movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)

A

(Synapse) where single nerve cell meets muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Motor neuron

A

Releases neurotransmitter (ACh)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acetylcholine

A

diffuses across synaptic cleft, and attach to ACh receptors on motor end plate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NMJ

A

allows motor neuron to stimulate muscle fiber to become electrically excited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Action potential

A

stimulates muscle contraction, potential for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Excitability

A

ability to transmit electrical current along the plasma membrane (action potential)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Contractibility

A

ability to undergo shortening to change in shape becoming thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sarcomere

A

contracting subunit, via sliding filament mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Myosin

A

thick filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Actin

A

thin filaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Regulatory Proteins
troponin, tropomyosin
26
Calcium
regulates sarcomeric contraction within the muscle cell
27
Muscle contraction
requires ATP
28
Anerobic glycolosis
build up of lactic acid and oxygen debt
29
Partial muscle contraction
muscle tone or tonus
30
Istonic
no change in tension muscle length shortens movement
31
Isometric
great increase in tension muscle length unchanged no movement
32
Aponeurosis
may attach muscle to bone or other muscles
33
Origin
attached to the more fixed part of the skeleton
34
Insertion
attached to the more moveable part
35
Prime mover
performs the movement
36
Antagonist
produces an opposite movement
37
Synergist
"helps" or works with prime mover
38
Lever
bone
39
Fulcrum
joint
40
Force
applied by muscle
41
Orbicularis oculi
encircles eyelid, closes eye
42
Levator palpebrae superioris
posterior orbit to upper eyelid, opens eye
43
Orbicularis oris
encircles mouth, closes lips
44
Buccinator
fleshy part of cheek, flattens cheek; helps in eating whistling, and blowing wind instruments (trumpeters)
45
Temporalis
above and near ear, closes jaw
46
Masseter
at angle of jaw, closes jaw
47
Sternocleidomastoid
along lateral neck, to mastoid process, flexes head; rotates head toward opposite side from muscle
48
Trapezius
posterior neck and upper back to clavicle and scapula; raises shoulder and pulls it back, superior portion extends and turns head
49
Latissimus dorsi
middle and lower back, to humerus; flexes and adducts arm
50
Pectorals major
superior, anterior chest, to humerus; flexes and adducts arm
51
Serratus anterior
inferior to axilla on lateral chest; moves shoulder forward; aids in raising arms, punching , or reaching forward
52
Deltoid
covers shoulder joint, to lateral humerus; abducts arm; flexes and extends arm
53
Biceps brachii
anterior arm along humerus, to radius; flexes forearm; supinates forearm and hand
54
Brachialis
deep to biceps brachii, inserts at anterior elbow joint; forceful flexor of forearm
55
Brachioradialis
lateral forearm from distal end of humerus; flexes forearm
56
Triceps brachii
posterior arm, to ulna; extends forearm
57
Flexor carpi group
anterior forearm, to hand; flexes hand
58
Extensor carpi group
posterior forearm, to hand; extends hand
59
Flexor digitorum group
anterior forearm to fingers; flexes fingers
60
Extensor digitorum group
posterior forearm to fingers; extends fingers
61
Diaphragm
dome-shaped partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities; dome descends to enlarge thoracic cavity from top to bottom
62
Intercostals
between ribs; elevate ribs and enlarge thoracic cavity
63
Internal oblique, external oblique, transversus abdominus, rectus abdominus
anterolateral abdominal wall; compress abdominal cavity and expel substances from the body, flex spinal column
64
Levator ani
pelvic floor; aids defecation
65
Erector spinae
group of deep vertical muscles between sacrum and skull, extends vertebral column to produces erect posture
66
Gluteus maximus
superficial buttock, to femur; extends thigh
67
Gluteus medius
deep buttock, to femur; abducts thigh
68
Iliopsoas
crosses anterior hip joint, to femur; flexes thigh
69
Adductor group
medial thigh, to femur; adducts thigh
70
Sartorius
crosses anterior thigh from ilium to medial tibia; flexes thigh and leg (to sit cross-legged)
71
Gracilis
pubic bone to medial surface of tibia; adducts thigh at hip; flexes
72
Quadriceps femoris
anterior thigh, to tibia; extends leg
73
Hamstring group
posterior thigh, ischium and femur to tibia and fibula; flexes leg ad knee, extends and rotates thigh at hip
74
Gastrocenemius
posterior leg, to calcaneus, inserting by achilles tendon; plantar flexes foot
75
Soleus
posterior leg deep to gastrocenemius; plantar flexes foot
76
Tibialis anterior
anterior and lateral leg, to foot; dorsiflexes and inverts foot
77
Fibularis longus
lateral leg, to foot; everts foot
78
Flexor digitorum group
posterior leg and foot to interior surface of phalanges; flexes toes
79
Extensor digitorum group
anterior surface of leg bones to superior surface of phalanges; extends toes
80
Spasm
sudden and involuntary contraction
81
Colic
spasm of visceral muscle
82
Seizure or Convulsion
spasms in series
83
Cramps
strong, painful contractions
84
Atrophy
wasting or decreasing in size
85
Strains
overuse or over-stretching (charley horse)
86
Sprains
tearing of ligaments around joint
87
DOMS
delayed onset muscle soreness
88
Rhabdomyolysis
life threatening due to serious over training
89
Muscular dystrophy
deterioration of muscles with intact nerve functions
90
Myasthenia Gravis
chronic muscle fatigue brought on by slightest exertion, defect in transmission at NMJ
91
Myalgia
muscle pain
92
Myositis
inflammation of muscle tissue
93
Fibrositis
inflammation of connective tissues associated with muscles and joints
94
Tendinitis
inflammation of tendon
95
Plantar fasciitis
bottom of foot
96
Tenosynovitis
synovial sheath enclosing tendon
97
Shinsplints
tendinitis of tibialis anterior muscle

Human Body (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions