Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternative forms of the test or on retesting.
Reliability
A simple thinking strategy that often allows you to make judgements and solve problems efficiently.
Heuristic
A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees you will solve a particular problem.
Algorithm
Judging the likelihood of an event based on its availability in memory.
Availability Heuristic
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to.
Validity
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas and people.
Concept
Narrowing the available problem solutions to determine the single best solution.
Convergent Thinking
A tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions.
Confirmation Bias
A mental image or best example of a category.
Prototype
Defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group.
Standardization
The bell shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.
Normal Curve
Expanding the number of problem solutions to discover multiple possible solutions.
Divergent Thinking
The inability to see a problem from a new perspective, an obstacle to problem solving.
Fixation
A sudden realization of the solution to a problem.
Insight
The tendency to be more confident than correct - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements.
Overconfidence
