How Do We Learn?; Classical Conditioning Flashcards
Animals can be trained to perform many behaviors through ___; that is, by providing well-timed rewards as the animals progressively better approximate the desired behaviors.
Shaping
___ was the scientist whose experiment with dogs led to the discovery of classical conditioning.
Ivan Pavlov
Behavior that produces consequences is called ___ behavior.
Operant
In classical conditioning, the ___ stimulus naturally and automatically triggers a response.
Unconditioned
Which list contains an item that does NOT fit?
Voluntary, respondent behavior, classical conditioning
Jonas, a veteran of the war in Iraq, suffers from PTSD. Now back home in a quiet California neighborhood, he jumps when he hears a firecracker or a car backfire. In the terminology of classical conditioning, these sounds are BEST thought of as ___ stimuli.
Conditioned
Because we are human, language allows us to learn things we have neither experienced nor observed. This type of learning is called…
Cognitive learning
Dr. Garcia is known for his difficult pop quizzes. Immediately before he springs a pop quiz on his students, he typically goes to the classroom door and closes it, and his students begin to feel anxious and tense. Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz and feel anxious whenever Dr. Garcia closes the classroom door. Closing the door has become a(n)…
Conditioned stimulus
Petra uses crack cocaine. Her dealer drives a black Buick. Petra’s heart normally starts pounding and she feels “keyed up” when she sees a black Buick pull alongside the curb in front of her house. One time she felt similarly excited when she saw a dark gray Buick approach the house. Today, though, Petra feels no reaction when a white Buick parks out front. Today’s lack of reaction BEST illustrates…
Discrimination
Mark is trying to work daily gym visits into his schedule. Based on research described in the text, Mark should go to the gym every day for just over ___ days to ensure that it becomes a habit.
60
Lightning is associated with thunder and always precedes it. Thus, when we see lightning, we often anticipate that we will hear thunder soon afterward. This is an example of…
Classical conditioning
Tyler has just been released from a drug rehabilitation center where he was treated for heroin addiction. His therapist recommended that he stay away from old drug-related associates and places where he once used the drug. Studies show that this is a wise recommendation because…
He will experience the craving for drugs when in these situations due to classical conditioning.
When Juan was a child, he was attacked by a swarm of hornets in his backyard. Now every time he hears the sound of hornets, he immediately becomes frightened. This is an example of…
Classical conditioning
