Chapter 8: Well-Being Across the Lifespan

Question 1

Who created the stage model for well-being across the lifespan?

Answer 1

Erik Erikson

Question 2

What does each crisis of Erikson’s model build?

Answer 2

A specific virtue.

Question 3

Each level of Erikson’s model is built of _ opposite virtues.

Answer 3

2

Question 4

If successful in Erikson’s model, you create a…

Answer 4

Healthy personality.

Question 5

Erikson viewed human development as a _ of _ challenges that emerge at different _ in the life course.

Answer 5

sequence
social
stages

Question 6

What are Erikson’s 8 stages of Psychosocial Development?TAIC IIGI

Answer 6

Trust/Mistrust
Autonomy/Shame and doubt
Initiative/Guilt
Competence/Inferiority
Identity/Role confusion
Intimacy/Isolation
Generativity/Stagnation
Integrity/Despair

Question 7

What are the ages of the 8 Erikson stages?

Answer 7

0-1
1-3
3-6
6-12
12-20s
20s-40s
40s-60s
60s-death

Question 8

What is resilience?

Answer 8

Skills to adapt to adversity.

Question 9

What are protective factors?

Answer 9

Protects us against mental health conditions and buffers negative effects of stress.

Question 10

What is the narrative of hardship way to build resilience (3 steps)?

Answer 10

Consider past coping
Skills/strategies acquired
Skills/Strats I would like to gain

Question 11

What are the 4 requirements for post-trauma growth?

Answer 11

Change POV
Set goals
Renew meaning and purpose
Find social support

Question 12

What percentage of adults have faced a major crisis or trauma?

Answer 12

~60%

Question 13

What are two ways to positively adapt to life issues?

Answer 13

Find benefits
Change the story for post-trauma growth

Question 14

What is the official Resilience definition?

Answer 14

A broad array of abilities for constructively and positively adapting to risk, adversity, or some monumental negative event.

Question 15

What are the 5 gifts of conquering adversity?

Answer 15

New possibilities
Increased strength
More relationships
Greater appreciation
Spiritual development

Question 16

Are children resilient?

Answer 16

Yes, childhood may not effect adulthood

Question 17

What are the core characteristics of a resilient child? (5)

Answer 17

Nurturing surrogate parent
Good communication skills
One close friend
Creative outlets, activities or hobbies
Optimism

Question 18

Most of all, children who are resilient are not _, they find…

Answer 18

Passive
Resources to meet their needs

Question 19

Resilient children are supported by good _ and _. _ takes a secondary role.

Answer 19

Families
Communities
Personality

Question 20

What are the 5 personality factors that affect children’s resilience?BEESI

Answer 20

Behavioural inhibition
Emotional regulation
Emotional intelligence
Self-efficacy and persistence
Insight

Question 21

Lerner says youth go through a process that foster the 5 Cs, what are they? What was the 6th?OOO HAO

Answer 21

Competence
Confidence
Connection
Character
Caring

Contribution

Question 22

What are developmental assets?

Answer 22

Supportive contexts for positive youth development, like Big Brothers, Big Sisters

Question 23

What does the Penn Resiliency Program Teach?

Answer 23

Learned Optimism

Question 24

What is emerging adulthood?

Answer 24

A new stage, 18-25, transitional time between adolescence and young adulthood
More responsibilities and demands, but not all figured out

Question 25

What are the 5 features of emerging adulthood?

Answer 25

Identity exploration Instability Self-focused Feeling in-between Age of possibilities

Question 26

What are two mindsets you can have during emerging adulthood (and describe)?

Answer 26

Fixed mindset (Makes difficult to handle changes in the future) Growth mindset (help in overcoming challenges, change is okay)

Question 27

Emerging adults often experience...

Answer 27

Identity confusion and lower psychological well-being

Question 28

What are Marcia's four identity statuses?

Answer 28

Identity achievement Identity foreclosure Identity moratorium Identity diffusion

Question 29

What are the two things people are measured on in Marcia's four identity statuses?

Answer 29

Crisis and commitment

Question 30

What is crisis present commitment present?

Answer 30

Identity Achievement

Question 31

What is crisis present commitment absent?

Answer 31

Identity Moratorium

Question 32

What is crisis absent commitment present?

Answer 32

Identity Foreclosure

Question 33

What is crisis absent commitment absent?

Answer 33

Identity Diffusion

Question 34

What do the four types of Marcia's four identity statuses mean?

Answer 34

Identity achievement: I know who I am, still reflect on what I believe personally Identity Moratorium: I dont know who I am, but I'll ask questions about it Identity Foreclosure: I am committed to who people want me to be and know who I am because they told me Identity diffusion: I have no identity and IDC

Question 35

What is early adulthood?

Answer 35

Mid 20s-40s Begins after emerging adulthood Differs culturally Marriage and parenthood Intimacy vs isolation

Question 36

In early and middle adulthood, there is a focus on _ and _. What do younger and older groups show?

Answer 36

Strengths and virtues Younger: exploring worlds, strength of hope predicts life satisfaction Older: Satisfied with achievements and accomplishments, less satisfied with future outlook

Question 37

What level of adversity is resilience associated with in adulthood?

Answer 37

Moderate adversity

Question 38

_ emotionality helps increase resilience in adults.

Answer 38

Positive

Question 39

What are the 4 factors that help cultivate resilience in adulthood?PGHM

Answer 39

Problem focused coping Goal commitment Humour, patience, optimism, faith, altruism Mindfulness and self-compassion

Question 40

Resilience in adulthood tries to find a balance in what?

Answer 40

Too much and too little emotional control

Question 41

What is Master Resilience Training?

Answer 41

Teaches skills to inoculate against PTSD

Question 42

What are the seeds for future post-traumatic growth? (3)TSR

Answer 42

Mental toughness Character strength Strong relationships

Question 43

Where has Master Resilience Training been used?

Answer 43

US Army

Question 44

Older persons are more _ with life.

Answer 44

Satisfied

Question 45

There is higher _-_ among older persons.

Answer 45

Subjective wellbeing

Question 46

What are 6 characteristics of why subjective well-being is greater in older people?EOA RRM

Answer 46

Self-efficacy Optimism Autonomy Realistic view of future Successful resolution of stages Sense of meaning

Question 47

What are the main two influences of life satisfaction in old age and decline?

Answer 47

Good health PA

Question 48

How do western and eastern countries influence well-being?

Answer 48

Western-Higher life satisfaction Eastern europe, SU, Latin America-Decline in life satisfaction

Question 49

What needs to be included in our personal stories?

Answer 49

Sense of self Sense of meaning

Question 49

What are narrative approaches to the lifespan?

Answer 49

Telling stories to make sense of our lives. Creative constructions of what actually happened and their meaning.

Question 50

If you reflect more, you likely have higher _.

Answer 50

Wellbeing

Question 51

What are the three types of narrative processing?CPR EN TN

Answer 51

Coherent positive resolution Exploratory Narrative Transformation

Question 52

Exploring meaning+Constructing a coherent and positive resolution=

Answer 52

Positive adaptation to difficult life events

Question 52

Name an example of the three paths and one non-path to maturity in adult development.ACSD

Answer 52

Achiever: Me Conserver: Sheldon's mom Seeker: Mr. Patrick Depleted: Ethan

Question 53

What are the three paths to maturity and the non-path for women??

Answer 53

Achievers: Career oriented, up generativity, sense of self-identity, max positive min negative Conservers: Conventional, reserved, less open to change, accepted path, dampen emotions Seekers: Open to new experiencs, question and challenge self, high wisdom and ego development, not conventional, amplified emotions Depleted: can't resolve emotional difficulties

Question 54

What is affect optimization?

Answer 54

Max positive, min negative

Question 55

What is affect complexity?

Answer 55

Coordinate positive and negative emotions into schemas that are flexible and integrated, most mature!

Question 56

What are the 8 virtues obtained in Erikson's stages?HWPC FLCW

Answer 56

Hope Will Purpose Competence Fidelity Love Care Wisdom

Question 57

What is generativity?

Answer 57

Helping and guiding others, better well-being, better personal growth

Question 58

What is personal growth initiative?

Answer 58

Active, intentional engagement in the process of personal growth.

Question 59

People high on personal growth do what? (3)IDG

Answer 59

Seek improvement Have life direction Have enduring goals

Question 60

People with a high level of personal growth initiative know (3)?DGO

Answer 60

Their direction How to capitalize on opportunities for growth How to see opportunities for creativity and adaptive solutions

Question 61

What is a sense of coherence?

Answer 61

Set of personality traits that allows to interpret life stressors in a positive way.

Question 62

What is a sense of coherence made out of? (3)MCM

Answer 62

Meaningfulness Comprehensibility Manageability

Question 63

A sense of coherence is a stable trait over the _ years of adulthood.

Answer 63

Middle

Question 64

What are the domains of resilience?

Answer 64

Physical Emotional Spiritual Mental

Question 65

What is energy balance?

Answer 65

Need energy expend with rest and recovery to be equal

Question 66

What are depleting emotions?

Answer 66

Bad emotions- reduced muscle Brain cell death impaired memory All bad stuff

Question 67

What are renewing emotions?

Answer 67

Good emotions for good neurochemicals

Question 68

What are the two axes on the depletion to renewal grid?

Answer 68

Hormones and which nervous system

Question 69

What are the hormones in the depletion renewal grid? what about the Nervous systems?

Answer 69

Cortisol (Bad) DHEA (good) Parasympathetic (Low hr) Sympathetic (High HR)