Chapter 9-10

Question 1

The natural nail is part of what system?

Answer 1

Integumentary

Question 2

The natural nail is composed mainly of a hard, fiber-shaped _____.

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

Describe the nail plate

Answer 3

Visible portion of the nail which rests on the nail bed

Question 4

As it grows, the _____ slides across the nail bed.

Answer 4

Nail Plate

Question 5

The nail plate is formed by the _____.

Answer 5

Matrix Cells

Question 6

What appears to be one solid piece, but is actually constructed of about 100 layers of nail cells?

Answer 6

Nail Plate

Question 7

The part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe is called the _____.

Answer 7

Free Edge

Question 8

The portion of living skin that supports the nail plate is the nail _____.

Answer 8

Bed

Question 9

What part of the nail unit is richly supplied with blood vessels and with nerves?

Answer 9

Nail Bed

Question 10

The nail bed contains many nerves and is attached to the nail plate with a thin layer of tissue called the _____.

Answer 10

Bed Epithelium

Question 11

Karen is very nervous at her first job interview. Her hands are sweating so much that she thinks her fingernails are sweating. In reality, from which part of the nail unit is the sweat most likely arising?

Answer 11

Nail Folds

Question 12

Nail polish is applied to the _____.

Answer 12

Nail Plate

Question 13

The area of the nail where the nail plate cells are formed is the _____.

Answer 13

Matrix

Question 14

The lighter color of the _____ shows the true color of the matrix.

Answer 14

Lunula

Question 15

The dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate is the _____.

Answer 15

Cuticle

Question 16

The living skin at the base of the nail plate is the _____.

Answer 16

Eponychium

Question 17

The slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge of the natural nail plate is the _____.

Answer 17

Hyponychium

Question 18

When clipping his own nails, Jose accidentally (and painfully) clips the skin under the nail between the fingertip and the free edge. What has he clipped?

Answer 18

Hyponychium

Question 19

The tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones is the _____.

Answer 19

Ligament

Question 20

The nail bed and matrix bed are attached to the underlying bone by _____.

Answer 20

Ligament

Question 21

The skin that overlaps the side of the nail is called the _____.

Answer 21

Sidewall

Question 22

Normal, healthy nails grow in a variety of shapes, depending upon the shape of the _____.

Answer 22

Matrix

Question 23

A longer nail matrix produces a _____ nail plate.

Answer 23

Thicker

Question 24

Nail growth rates increase dramatically during _____.

Answer 24

The Last Trimester of Pregnancy

Question 25

As a person ages, parts of the nail matrix begin to permanently slow down production, causing _____.

Answer 25

Grooves

Question 26

The surface of a healthy natural nail should be _____.

Answer 26

Shiny, Smooth, and Unspotted with No Ridges, Pits, or Splits

Question 27

Clients with skin or nails that are infected, inflamed, or swollen should be referred to a(n) _____.

Answer 27

Physician

Question 28

Visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate that are the result of a major illness or injury are known as _____.

Answer 28

Beau’s Lines

Question 29

What is a nail condition in which blood clots form under the nail plate due to a small injury of the nail plate?

Answer 29

Bruised Nail

Question 30

What type of nail has a noticeably thin, white nail plate, and is more flexible than a normal nail?

Answer 30

Eggshell

Question 31

When the eponychium or other living tissue surrounding the nail plate becomes split or torn, a _____ occurs.

Answer 31

Hangnail

Question 32

What treatment should be suggested to an individual with a simple hangnail?

Answer 32

Hot Oil Treatment

Question 33

Redness, pain, and swelling are best described as signs of a(n) ____.

Answer 33

Infection

Question 34

Minor damage to the matrix that produces a whitish discoloration or white spots on the nails is known as _____.

Answer 34

Leukonychia

Question 35

Leukonychia spots result from _____.

Answer 35

Injury To The Nail Matrix

Question 36

A dark band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge due to increased pigmentation is known as _____.

Answer 36

Melanonychia

Question 37

Melanocytes are _____.

Answer 37

Pigment Cells

Question 38

An individual who bites his or her nails may be said to have _____.

Answer 38

Onychophagy

Question 39

Split or brittle nails with a series of lengthwise ridges and a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate is known as _____.

Answer 39

Onychorrhexis

Question 40

Excessive use of _____ can cause onychorrhexis

Answer 40

Cuticle Remover

Question 41

A highly curved nail plate often called “folded nail,” caused by injury to the matrix or inherited, is a(n) _____.

Answer 41

Plicatured Nail

Question 42

_____ often leads to ingrown nails.

Answer 42

Onychophagy

Question 43

Ridges running vertically down the natural nail plate are caused by _____.

Answer 43

Uneven Growth and Age

Question 44

Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow results in _____.

Answer 44

Trumpet Nail

Question 45

_____ are always be positioned lengthwise in the direction of growth.

Answer 45

Splinter Hemorrhage’s

Question 46

The disorder in which the edges of the nail plate curl around to form a sharp cone at the free edge is called _____.

Answer 46

Trumpet Nail

Question 47

Moriah has a nail deformity. The general term for her condition is _____.

Answer 47

Onychosis

Question 48

Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shredding of the natural nail plate is known as _____.

Answer 48

Onychia

Question 49

What nail conditions are contagious?

Answer 49

Onychomycosis

Question 50

_____ refers to a fungal infection of the nail

Answer 50

Onychomycosis

Question 51

What parasite, under some conditions, can cause infections to the feet and hands?

Answer 51

Fungi

Question 52

If a cosmetologist provides a service to a client with a fungal infection, it is _____ that the cosmetologist will get that infection from the client.

Answer 52

Extremely Unlikely

Question 53

Discolorations of the nail plate from infections of the fingernails or toenails are usually the result of a _____.

Answer 53

Bacterial Infection

Question 54

A naturally occurring skin bacterium that can grow out of control and cause nail infections, incorrectly referred to as mold, is _____.

Answer 54

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

Question 55

In the early stages, a typical bacterial infection on the nail plate can be identified as a _____.

Answer 55

Yellow Green Spot

Question 56

Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate is called _____.

Answer 56

Pyogenic Granuloma

Question 57

A friend shows you paperwork from a doctor stating that he has tinea pedis. What is his condition?

Answer 57

Athlete’s Foot

Question 58

Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate is an indication of _____.

Answer 58

Nail Psoriasis

Question 59

An ingrown nail is called a(n) is called _____.

Answer 59

Onychocryptosis

Question 60

The lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding is a sign of _____.

Answer 60

Onycholysis

Question 61

_____ may be caused by an allergic reaction of the nail bed

Answer 61

Onycholysis

Question 62

Onychomadesis is the separation and falling off of a nail plate and can typically be traced to _____.

Answer 62

Local Infection