Chapter 9

Question 1

specialization

Answer 1

The raising of one or
two cash crops that could be sold.

Question 2

Market Revolution

Answer 2

When people began to buy and sell goods rather than make them for their own use.

Question 3

capitalism

Answer 3

Economic system in which private businesses and individuals
control the means of production (factories, machines, and land) and use them to make money.

Question 4

Entrepreneurs

Answer 4

A person who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk for a business venture.

Question 5

telegraph

Answer 5

Carried messages, tapped
in code, across copper wire.

Question 6

John Deere

Answer 6

A blacksmith that invented the first steel plow.

Question 7

Cyrus McCormick

Answer 7

invented the mechanical reaper.

Question 8

Samuel F.B. Morse

Answer 8

Helped invent telegraphic communication (Morse Code).

Question 9

Charles Goodyear

Answer 9

invented vulcanized rubber in 1839.

Question 10

Manifest Destiny

Answer 10

belief that the united states was destined to expand westward to the Pacific Ocean and into Mexican Territory

Question 11

Treaty of Fort Laramie

Answer 11

treaty that let native Americans have some control of land for them to let the whites build roads and construction

Question 12

Santa Fe Trail

Answer 12

One of the busiest and most well-known trade routes. Went from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico

Question 13

Middle Ground

Answer 13

Where native Americans or white settlers have control of that area

Question 14

Oregon Trail

Answer 14

Started in Independence, Missouri and ended in Portland, Oregon. Families faced disease, fatigue, and loneliness.

Question 15

Mormons

Answer 15

Members of a church founded by Joseph Smith and his associates

Question 16

Fifty-Four Forty or Fight

Answer 16

A slogan used in the 1844 presidential campaign by James Polk and Henry Clay. Called for the U.S. annexation of the entire Oregon Territory.

Question 17

Joseph Smith

Answer 17

Established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day saints in Fayette, New York, 1830.

Question 18

Brigham Young

Answer 18

Successor to Joseph Smith after he was murdered.

Question 19

Chief Black Hawk

Answer 19

leader of the Sauk tribe, believed he was destined to lead his people against the U.S.

Question 20

annex

Answer 20

To put a territory into an existing state or country.

Question 21

empresario

Answer 21

agents that sold land to American settlers.

Question 22

land grant

Answer 22

A gift of public land to an individual or organization.

Question 23

Texas Revolution

Answer 23

The 1836 rebellion in which Texas gained its independence from Mexico.

Question 24

Alamo

Answer 24

Abandoned mission used as a fort by American settlers fighting Santa Anna and his troops.

Question 25

Republic of Texas

Answer 25

“Lone Star Republic” Nation created in 1836 after Santa Anna signed the Treaty of Velasco.

Question 26

Stephen F. Austin

Answer 26

Established a colony of American settlers in Texas.

Question 27

Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

Answer 27

Mexican president who led Mexican troops in battle.

Question 28

Sam Houston

Answer 28

Led American troops at the Battle of San Jacinto and became president of the Republic of Texas.

Question 29

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Answer 29

The 1848 treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico, in which Mexico ceded California and New Mexico to the U.S.

Question 30

Gadsden Purchase

Answer 30

An 1853 purchase by the U.S. of land from Mexico, establishing the present U.S. Mexico boundary.

Question 31

forty-niners

Answer 31

Prospectors who flocked to California in 1849 in search of gold.

Question 32

gold rush

Answer 32

Movement of many people to a region in which gold has been discovered.

Question 33

Republic of California

Answer 33

The nation proclaimed by American settlers in California when they declared their independence from Mexico in 1846.

Question 34

Rio Grande river

Answer 34

River separating the southwestern U.S. from Mexico.

Question 35

James K. Polk

Answer 35

U.S. President with territorial aspirations, wanted war with Mexico for Texas, New Mexico, and California.

Question 36

Zachary Taylor

Answer 36

General sent to the Rio Grande to blockade the river and prepare for war against Mexico.

Question 37

Stephen Kearny

Answer 37

“The Long Marcher” ordered to march from Kansas to New Mexico.

Question 38

Winfield Scott

Answer 38

General in the Mexican War, never lost a battle.