Chapter 9

Question 1

The force that drives an employee to perform well

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

Behaviors that are not part of the employee’s job but which make the organization a better place to work (e.g. helping others, staying late)

Answer 2

Organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs)

Question 3

The extent to which a person views him or herself as a valuable and worthy individual

Answer 3

Self-esteem

Question 4

Korman’s theory that employees will be motivated to perform at levels consistent with their levels of self-esteem

Answer 4

Consistency theory

Question 5

The positive or negative way in which a person views him or herself as a whole

Answer 5

Chronic self-esteem

Question 6

The positive or negative way in which a person views him or herself in a particular situation

Answer 6

Situational self-esteem

Question 7

The positive and negative way in which a person views him or herself based on the expectation of others

Answer 7

Socially influenced self-esteem

Question 8

The idea that people behave in ways consistent with their self-image

Answer 8

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 9

When high self-expectations result in higher level of performance

Answer 9

Galatea effect

Question 10

The idea that if people believe that something is true, they will act in a manner consistent with that belief

Answer 10

Pygmalion effect

Question 11

When negative expectations of an individual cause a decrease in that individual’s performance

Answer 11

Golem effect

Question 12

Work motivation in the absence of such external factors as pay, promotion and co-workers

Answer 12

Intrinsic motivation

Question 13

Work motivation that arises from such non-personal factors as pay, co-workers and opportunities for adjustment

Answer 13

Extrinsic motivation

Question 14

A measure of an individual’s orientation towards intrinsic versus extrinsic motivation

Answer 14

Work Preference Inventory (WPI)

Question 15

According to trait theory, the extent to which a person desires to be successful

Answer 15

Need for achievement

Question 16

The extent to which a person desires to be around other people

Answer 16

Need for affiliation

Question 17

According to trait theory, the extent to which a person desires to be in control of other people

Answer 17

Need for power

Question 18

A theory that employees can be motivated by monitoring their own progress toward the goals they set and adjusting their behavior to reach those goals

Answer 18

Self-regulation

Question 19

A method of recruitment in which Job application are told both the positive and negative aspects of a job

Answer 19

Realistic Job Preview (RJP)

Question 20

The theory proposed by Hackman and Oldham that suggests that certain characteristics of a job will make the job more or less satisfying, depending on the particular
needs of the worker

Answer 20

Job characteristics theory

Question 21

A system arrange by rank

Answer 21

Hierarchy

Question 22

The first step in Maslow’s need hierarchy, concerning survival needs for food, air, water, and the like

Answer 22

Basic biological needs

Question 23

The second step in Maslow’s heirarchy, concerning the need for security, stability and the physical safety

Answer 23

Safety needs

Question 24

The third step in Maslow’s heirarchy, concerning the need to interact with other people

Answer 24

Social needs

Question 25

The fourth step in Maslow's heirarchy, concerning the individual's need for recognition and success

Answer 25

Ego needs

Question 26

The fifth step in Maslow's heirarchy, concerning the need to realize one's potential

Answer 26

Self-actualization needs

Question 27

A theory based on the idea that employees will be satisfied with job that satisfy their needs

Answer 27

Needs theory

Question 28

Aldefer's needs theory, which describes three level of satisfaction; existence, relatedness, and growth

Answer 28

ERG theory

Question 29

Herzberg's needs theory, postulating that there are two factors involved in job-satisfaction;hygiene factors and motivators

Answer 29

Two-factor theory

Question 30

Herzberg's two-factor theory, job-related elements that result from but do not involve the job itself

Answer 30

Hygiene factors

Question 31

In Herzberg's two-factor theory, elements of a job that concern the actual duties performed by the employee

Answer 31

Motivators

Question 32

A method of increasing performance in which employees are given specific performance goals to aim for

Answer 32

Goal-setting

Question 33

A type of learning based one the idea that humans learn to behave in ways that will result favorable outcomes and learn not to behave in ways that result in unfavorable outcomes

Answer 33

Operant conditioning

Question 34

The idea that reinforcement is relative both within an individual and between individuals

Answer 34

Premack Principle

Question 35

A rank-ordered list of reinforces for an individual

Answer 35

Reinforcement hierarchy

Question 36

A motivation technique using such methods as personal attention, signs of approval, and the expressions of appreciation

Answer 36

Social recognition

Question 37

A system in which employees are paid on the basis of how much they individually produce

Answer 37

Pay for performance

Question 38

An incentive plan in which employees received pay bonuses based on performance appraisal scores

Answer 38

Merit pay

Question 39

A group incentive system in which employees are paid a bonus based on improvements in group productivity

Answer 39

Gain sharing

Question 40

The level of productivity before the implementation of a gain sharing plan

Answer 40

Baseline

Question 41

A group incentive method in which employees are given the option of buying stock in the future at the price of the stock when the options were granted

Answer 41

Stock options

Question 42

Vrom's story that motivation is a function of expectancy,instrumentality, and valence

Answer 42

Expectancy theory

Question 43

The extent to which people believe that they are responsible for and in control of their success or failure in life

Answer 43

Internal locus of control

Question 44

A theory of job satisfaction stating that the employees will be satisfied if their ratio of effort to reward is similar to that of other employees

Answer 44

Equity theory

Question 45

In equity theory, the elements that the employees put into their jobs

Answer 45

Input

Question 46

In equity theory, what employees get from their jobs

Answer 46

Outputs

Question 47

The ration of how much employees believe they put into their jobs to how much they believe they get from their jobs

Answer 47

Input/Outpu ratio

Question 48

A theory that postulates that if employees perceive they are being treated fairly, they will be more likely to be satisfied with their jobs and motivated to do well

Answer 48

Organizational justice