Chapter 9 Flashcards
Why is intelligence hard to define?
Different researchers view it differently
Some believe it is a single ability and others think that intelligence has a wide range of abilities
Galton’s sensory capacity
Individual differences in performance on relatively simple sensory capacities, and then test the speed of reaction to a stimulus
Abstract thinking
The ability to understand concepts that are real, but aren’t directly tied to concrete physical objects
Spearman’s general vs specific intelligence
Specific: describes intelligence as the proficiency or aptitude in subsets of skills, and abilities
General: concerned with one’s general cognitive ability to process and think about information
Spearman’s fluid versus crystallized intelligence
Fluid: one’s ability to process, new information, learn, and solve problems
Crystallized : ones stored knowledge accumulated over the years
Sternberg’s triarchic model
Practical, creative, analytical
Practical intelligence
The ability to get along in different contexts
Creative intelligence
The ability to come up with new ideas
Analytical intelligence
The ability to evaluate information and solve problems
Original purposes of IQ testing
Design for children, who are struggling in school to determine which ones needed individual attention
Who developed the first IQ test?
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
Stearns formula for calculating IQ
IQ equals cognitive age divided by chronological age times 100
Deviation IQ
Way of measuring an individuals generalized intelligence
The WAIS
Measures the cognitive ability in several areas, such as vocabulary, comprehension, arithmetic, and reasoning skills
Miss uses of IQ testing
Sterilization of people with very low IQs
IQ test can be biased against some ethnicities
Bell curve
Groff depicting the normal distribution, which has a shape reminiscent of a bell
Aptitude test
Test designed to determine a persons ability in a particular field or skill of knowledge
Achievement test
Any measurement process, whose purpose is to estimate and examinees degree of attainment of specific knowledge
Family studies
Systematically explores the ways in which individuals, influenced by families, communities, cultures, institutions, and societies, and by ideas,’s norms,’s and values
Twin studies
Studies conducted on identical or fraternal twins
Growth mindset
People who believe that their success depends on the time and effort they put in
The Flynn effect
Substantial and long is the stand increase in both fluid and crystallized intelligence test scores that were measured in many parts of the world
Creativity in intelligence
Marked by inventing, or imagining a solution
Divergent thinking
The process of creating multiple, unique ideas or solutions to the problem that one is trying to solve
