Chapter 9

Question 1

When was the long parliament?
How did parliament ensure it was in session regularly?

Answer 1

1640-60
Only parliament could dissolve itself
Triennial calling is parliament

Question 2

What political group created divisions in the long parliament?

Answer 2

Emergence of the Levellers

Question 3

Why did the commons think Wentworth was a threat?

Answer 3

Loyal to Charles
Charles main advisor
Supported renewing war with Scots: parliament wanted peace
Believed he had ability to make Charles absolutist

Question 4

Who did the long parliament blame the Scottish crisis on?

Answer 4

Charles ‘evil councillors’ such as Wentworth

Question 5

What caused the breakdown of the long parliament 1640-41?

Answer 5

MPs wanted grievances met but not civil war
Earl of Bedford’s scheme to reform crown finances

Question 6

What was the Earl of Bedford’s scheme to reform crown finances?

Answer 6

Helped by Pym
Proposed:
Abolition of some finance & political aspects of personal rule
Return to Elizabeth Protestant church
Finance settlement by parliament for Charles

Question 7

Why was Bedford’s scheme to reform chrome finances unsuccessful?

Answer 7

Charles reluctant
Besides dues May 1641
Progress not very possible after that

Question 8

Why was Wentworth impeached?
When?

Answer 8

1640, trial started March 1641
For attempting to bring Irish army to England for Charles
Get rid of Charles’ ‘evil councillors’ so he would rule with parliament
Bedford & Pym could replace ‘evil councillors’

Question 9

Why did parliament have to resort to the bill of attainder during Wentworth’s impeachment?

Answer 9

Wentworth defended himself well
Parliamentarian discourse over extent of punishment
Some didn’t want execution, Scots did

Question 10

Why did Charles need to sign the bill of attainder?
Why did Charles sign?

Answer 10

Only valid if he singed
Under pressure from:
Army plot
Protestation Oath
London crowd
Fear for family safety

Question 11

What was the vote outcome of Wentworth’s impeachment?

Answer 11

204 to 59 to execute
Only half voted
Executed 12 May 1641

Question 12

Who emerged as Charles biggest opponent in 1640?
What were their main aims?

Answer 12

Pym
Removal of ‘evil councillors’
Political settlement safe form Charles
Removal of popery and old Protestant

Question 13

When did Pym become a radicle?
What was he obsessed with?

Answer 13

During king parliament 1640-60
Not radicle in 20s
True religion

Question 14

How did Pym achieve his aims?

Answer 14

Impeach Wentworth & Laud (impeached 1640-1, executed 1645)
Alliance with Scottish Covenanters
Control Charles through finance
Her parliament some crown prerogative powers

Question 15

How were the 2 divisions in parliament that lead to civil war formed?

Answer 15

How to prevent personal rule
Bill of Attainder some saw as constitutionally dangerous
Bishops role in church

Question 16

What & when was the Root & Branch petition?
Who signed it?

Answer 16

1640, debated in parliament 1641
Demanded end of bishops & episcopacy
Pym main force to reduce Charles influence
15,00 Londoners
Puritanism

Question 17

Why did Root & Branch petition cause increased support for Charles?

Answer 17

Some saw as dismantling order of society
Hyde

Question 18

What was the outcome of the Root & Branch petition?

Answer 18

Failed
Exclusion bill rejected 1641
Agreed on decrease of bishop power

Question 19

What did the triennial act do?

Answer 19

1641
Abolish ship money without Charles’ consent
Charles to call parliament every 3 years & to last at least 50 days

Question 20

What was the 10 propositions?
What did it show?

Answer 20

June 1641
Charles was to make concessions:
Parliament input into Privy Council members
Parliament control of those around Queen
Parliament control of royal children’s religious education

Continued radicalisation of parliament

Question 21

What Scots were supporters of Charles?

Answer 21

Many in covenanting alliance who thought gone too far too fast

Question 22

When did Charles return to Scotland?
What were thoughts in England?

Answer 22

1641
Charles couldn’t be trusted
Charles played on divisions

Question 23

What was the incident?

Answer 23

October 1641
Royalist plot to kidnap radical Scottish Covenanters
Wanted rid of leading Covenanters: Campbell, Argyll, Marques

Question 24

What was the consequence of Charles being linked to the Incident 1641?

Answer 24

Ended hopes of Scottish support
Force to appoint opposition to key parliament posts

Question 25

What shows growth in opposition to parliament 1641-42?

Answer 25

Grand remonstrance November 1641
Malitia bill 1641

Question 26

What was the Grand Remonstrance?

Answer 26

Nov 1641
List of grievances of Charles
Showed he couldn’t be trusted with control of army
Strong anti-Catholic
Called for an Assembly of Devines for religious settlement: sidelined parliament divisions

Question 27

What was the Militia Bill?

Answer 27

1641
Removed Charles’ power over militia
Forced MPs to decide on who should run the army
Revolutionary as questioned Charles’ royal prerogative

Question 28

What events led to the civil war in 1642?

Answer 28

5 members coup, January 1642
Emergence of a parliamentary army
Exclusion Bill, February 1642
19 propositions, June 1642

Question 29

Who were the 5 members coup?

Answer 29

Charles announced impeachment of opponents:
Pym
Hampden
Haselrig
Holler
Strode
Montagu

Question 30

Events of the 5 members coup

Answer 30

Parliament division over grand remonstrance & malizia bill
Lords accepted commons vote of impeachment
Failed as bishops were forewarned and escaped when Charles came to arrest

Question 31

How did the 5 members coup end badly for Charles?

Answer 31

Reason as why Charles couldn’t be trusted
Popular demonstrations against Charles
Charles feelers to Hampton Court for safety, giving control of capitol to rebels

Question 32

What was the Exclusion Bill?

Answer 32

February 1642
Bishop told to not sit in House Of Lords
Petition from London crowd pressure group
300,000 signatures

Question 33

What was the 19 propositions?

Answer 33

1642
Parliament demands for negotiated settlement:
Privy councillors to be approved by parliament
5 impeached MPs to be pardoned
Parliamentarian reform of church

Question 34

What do the royalists respond to the 19 propositions with?

Answer 34

The Answer to the 19 Propositions
King = force to prevent anarchy
Popular rebellion imminent

Question 35

When was the Irish rebellion?
What was it caused by?
What was its affect?

Answer 35

1641-42
Scottish rebellion
Radicalised English situation

Could Charles be trusted?

Question 36

What were the English perceptions of the Irish rebellion?

Answer 36

Distorted reports of massacres:
3,000-12,000 reported deaths
Fear of Catholicism
Radicalised some Protestants