Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

The decision by a prosecutor to drop a case after a complaint has been made because of, for example, insufficient evidence, witness reluctance to testify, police error, or office policy

A

Nolle Prosequi

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2
Q

A group of citizens chosen to hear charges against persons accused of crime and to determine whether there is sufficient evidence to bring those persons to trial

A

Grand jury

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3
Q

A court to which appeals are made on points of law resulting from the judgement of a lower, court; the appellate court may be asked to evaluate the impact of new evidence but more typically decides whether the state or federal constitution was improperly interpreted during a case.

A

Appellate court

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4
Q

An appointed or elected member of the practicing bar who is responsible for bringing the state’s cases against the accused.

A

Prosecutor

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4
Q

The county prosecutor who is charged with bringing offenders to justice and enforcing the criminal laws of the state.

A

District Attorney

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5
Q

Discussions between defense counsel and prosecution in which the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for certain considerations such as reduced charges or a lenient sentence.

A

Plea negotiations/Plea bargaining

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6
Q

An order of a superior court requesting that a record of an inferior court (or administrative body) be brought forward for review or inspection

A

Writ of Certiorari

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6
Q

The chief legal officer and prosecutor of each state and of the United States

A

Attorney General

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7
Q

The practice by private attorneys of taking the cases of indigent offenders without fee as a service to the profession and the community

A

Pro Bono

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8
Q

A private counsel attorney appointed by the court to represent a criminal defendant who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer

A

Assigned counsel

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9
Q

A defendant who lacks the funds to hire a private attorney and is therefore entitled to free counsel

A

Indigent defendant

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10
Q

A state of federal court that has jurisdiction over felony offenses serious crimes that carry a penalty of incarceration in a state or federal prison for one year or more

A

Courts of general jurisdiction

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11
Q

An informal dispute resolution process in which a neutral third party helps disputing third parties reach an agreement

A

Mediation

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12
Q

A process of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party (arbitrator) renders a decision after a hearing at which both parties agree to be heard.

A

Arbitration

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13
Q

A prosecutorial philosophy that emphasizes community support and cooperation with other agencies in preventing crime, as well as a less centralized and more proactive role for local prosecutors

A

Community Prosecution

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13
Q

An attorney employed by the government to represent criminal defendants who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer

A

Public defender

15
Q

A trial court in the federal court system

A

U.S district court

17
Q

A court that handles the final appeal on a matter-in the federal system, the U.S supreme court

A

Court of last resort

18
Q

The highest appellate court in the United States

A

U.S Supreme court

19
Q

A court that has jurisdiction over misdemeanors and conducts preliminary investigations of felony charges

A

Courts of limited Jurisdiction

20
Q

The prosecutor’s auhtority to decide whether to bring a case to trial or to dismiss it outright

A

Prosecutorial discretion

21
Q

Legal counsel for the defendant in a criminal case, representing the accused person from arrest to final appeal

A

Defense Attorney

23
Q

a simplified version of trial

A

Arbitration

24
Q

The convention that four justices must agree to hear a case before a writ of certiorari is granted

A

Rule of four

25
Q

The nations principal litigators, appointed by the president. Assistant United States attorneys are tasked with, among other duties, prosecuting criminal defendants in federal court.

A

United States Attorneys

26
Q

Provision of legal services to indigent defendants by private attorneys under contract to the state or county

A

Contract System

27
Q

A court that has preliminary jurisdiction over specific types of offenses and that operates differently than a traditional criminal court, such as with a concern over outcomes and extensive judicial monitoring

A

Specialized court

28
Q

The senior officer in a court of law, who is authorized to hear and decide cases.

A

Judge

29
Q

A means of settling disputes outside the court room

A

Alternative dispute resolution

30
Q

An apellate court in the federal court system

A

U.S courts of appeals