Chapter 9 :)

Question 1

Asteroids are _______ leftovers of planet formations

Answer 1

rocky

Question 2

whats the largest asteroid?

Answer 2

Ceres with a diameter of 1000 km

Question 3

are large asteroids or small ones more common?

Answer 3

small asteroids

Question 4

how many asteroids are listed in catalogs?

Answer 4

150,000

Question 5

how many asteroids have a diameter greater than 1 kilometer?

Answer 5

over a million

Question 6

all the asteroids in the SS would not add up to a what?

Answer 6

to even a small terrestrial planet

Question 7

most asteroids orbit in a belt that is between what two planets?

Answer 7

mars and jupiter

Question 8

what asteroids follow jupiters orbit?

Answer 8

Trojan Asteroids

Question 9

orbit of ____________ asteroids cross earths orbit

Answer 9

near-Earth

Question 10

rocky planetesimals between mars and jupiter did not what?

Answer 10

accrete into a planet

Question 11

jupiter’s gravity through influence of ______________, stirred up asteroid orbits and prevented their accretion into a planet

Answer 11

orbital resonances

Question 12

define meteorite

Answer 12

a rock (fragment of an asteroid) from space that falls Earth’s atmosphere

Question 13

define meteor

Answer 13

bright trail left by a meteorite. pea size particles, do not hit the earth’s surface

Question 14

Primitive Meteorite

Answer 14

Unchanged in composition since they first formed (condensed and accreted) 4.6 billion years

Question 15

Processed Meteorite

Answer 15

younger, have experienced processes like volcanism and differentiation. (high metal content: chunks of the core of larger asteroid that was shattered by a collision)

Question 16

Metal rich processed meteorite-

Answer 16

made of iron and other metals that came from shattered asteroid’s core

Question 17

rocky processed meteorite

Answer 17

resembles volcanic rocks formed on earth

Question 18

a _____ meteorite arrive from the moon and mars

Answer 18

few

Question 19

from what does the asteroid fragments differ?

Answer 19

composition

Question 20

composition is a cheap way to what

Answer 20

acquire moon rocks and mars rocks

Question 21

where did comets form?

Answer 21

beyond the frost line

Question 22

what are comets?

Answer 22

icy counterpart to asteroids

Question 23

the nucleus of a comets is like…

Answer 23

a dirty snowball

Question 24

most comets do not have what?

Answer 24

tails

Question 25

most comets remain what in the outer solar system?

Answer 25

frozen

Question 26

only comets that enter the inner solar system

Answer 26

grow tails (pointing away from sun)

Question 27

what is coma?

Answer 27

an atmosphere that comes from heated nucleus

Question 28

what is (straight) plasma tail?

Answer 28

gas escaping from coma, pushed by solar wind

Question 29

(curved) dust tail is

Answer 29

pushed by photons

Question 30

comets eject small particles that..

Answer 30

follow the comet around in its orbit and cause meteor showers (pea sized particle from a comet) when earth crosses the comet's orbit

Question 31

only a tiny number of comets enter the _______

Answer 31

inner solar system; most stay far away far from the sun

Question 32

oort cloud

Answer 32

on random orbits extending to about 5,000 AU

Question 33

Kuiper belt

Answer 33

on orderly orbits from 30-100 AU in a disk of solar system

Question 34

where do kuiper belt comets form?

Answer 34

the kuiper belt

Question 35

Kuiper belt is...

Answer 35

- a flat plane aligned with the planetary orbits - orbiting in the same direction as the planets - counterparts of asteroid belt

Question 36

what comets where once closer to the sun? why were they kicked farther out?

Answer 36

oort cloud comets, kicked farther out by gravitational interactions with jovian planets.

Question 37

oort cloud comets

Answer 37

extremely elliptical orbit, orbiting in any direction | spherical distribution

Question 38

is pluto a planet?

Answer 38

discovered in 1930 (only 80 years ago) - much smaller than 8 major planets - not a gas giant like outer planets - has icy composition like comet - very elliptical, inclined orbit - pluto has more in common with comets than with any major planet

Question 39

what is eris?

Answer 39

an iceball larger than pluto, discovered in 2005

Question 40

what is the name of eris' moon?

Answer 40

Dysnomia

Question 41

where is there many icy objects like pluto on elliptical, inclined orbit?

Answer 41

Beyond neptune

Question 42

how big are the biggest icy objects beyond neptune?

Answer 42

the size of earths moon

Question 43

earth has been hit by many...

Answer 43

asteroids and comets

Question 44

major impacts on earth are very...

Answer 44

rare

Question 45

a major impact is only a

Answer 45

matter of time, not IF but WHEN

Question 46

major damage by an impact

Answer 46

in tens to hundreds of years