Chapter 9

Question 0

The life of a cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until it’s division into two daughter cells

Answer 0

Cell cycle

Question 1

Reproduction of cells

Answer 1

Cell division

Question 2

A cell’s endowment of DNA, its genetic information

Answer 2

Genome

Question 3

Structures that pack and hold DNA molecules

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

The entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes

Answer 4

Chromatin

Question 5

All body cells except reproductive cells

Answer 5

Somatic cells

Question 6

Reproductive cells

Answer 6

Gametes

Question 7

Joined copies of an original chromosome

Answer 7

Sister chromatids

Question 8

A region containing specific DNA where the chromatid is attached to its sister chromatid

Answer 8

Centromere

Question 9

The division of genetic material in the nucleus

Answer 9

Mitosis

Question 10

The division of the cytoplasm

Answer 10

Cytokinesis

Question 11

Phase of the cell cycle that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis

Answer 11

Mitotic (M) phase

Question 12

Longest stage of the cycle, divided into three subphases

Answer 12

Interphase

Question 13

First gap of cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase before DNA synthesis begins

Answer 13

G1 phase

Question 14

Synthesis phase of the cell cycle, portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated

Answer 14

S phase

Question 15

Second gap of cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs

Answer 15

G2 phase

Question 16

First stage of mitosis, chromatin condenses and Mitotic spindle forms

Answer 16

Prophase

Question 17

Second stage of mitosis, nuclear envelope fragments and spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores of the chromosomes

Answer 17

Prometaphase

Question 18

Third stage of mitosis, spindle is complete and chromosomes attached to microtubules at their kinetochores

Answer 18

Metaphase

Question 19

Fourth stage of mitosis, chromatids of each chromosome have separated and daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell

Answer 19

Anaphase

Question 20

Final stage of mitosis, daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has begun

Answer 20

Telophase

Question 21

Structure consisting of microtubules that split the chromosomes apart

Answer 21

Mitotic spindle

Question 22

A subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell’s microtubules

Answer 22

Centrosome

Question 23

A radial array of short microtubules

Answer 23

Aster

Question 24

A structure made up of proteins that have assembled on specific sections of chromosomal DNA at each centromere

Answer 24

Kinetochore

Question 25

Imaginary plane that is directly in between the two spindles where the chromosomes line up before splitting

Answer 25

Metaphase plate

Question 26

A process that causes cytokinesis and the forming of two new cells

Answer 26

Cleavage

Question 27

A shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate

Answer 27

Cleavage furrow

Question 28

Structure in plant cells during mitosis that is used to divide the cell instead of a cleavage furrow

Answer 28

Cell plate

Question 29

Term meaning "division in half"

Answer 29

Binary fission

Question 30

In bacteria, the specific place where the chromosomes begin to replicate

Answer 30

Origin of replication

Question 31

A cyclically operating set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle

Answer 31

Cell cycle control system

Question 32

A control point where stop and go-ahead signals can regulate the cycle

Answer 32

Checkpoint

Question 33

A non dividing state of a cell, most cells are in this state

Answer 33

Gzero phase

Question 34

A protein released by certain cells that stimulates other cells to divide

Answer 34

Growth factor

Question 35

A phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing

Answer 35

Density-dependent inhibition

Question 36

A phenomenon in which cells must be attached to the extracellular matrix of a tissue to divide

Answer 36

Anchorage dependence

Question 37

The process that converts a normal cell into a cancer cell

Answer 37

Transformation

Question 38

A tumor that doesn't cause serious problems and can be completely removed by surgery

Answer 38

Benign tumor

Question 39

Tumor that spreads to new tissue and impairs the function of organs

Answer 39

Malignant tumor

Question 40

The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from the site of origin

Answer 40

Metastasis