Chapter 10

Question 0

Difference in hereditary traits

Answer 0

Variation

Question 1

The transmission of traits from one generation to the next

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

Scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

Coded information in the form of hereditary units

Answer 3

Genes

Question 4

Reproductive cells

Answer 4

Gametes

Question 5

All cells of the body except the gametes and their precursors

Answer 5

Somatic cells

Question 6

A gene’s specific location along the length of a chromosome

Answer 6

Locus

Question 7

A single individual is the sole parent and passes copies of all its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes

Answer 7

Asexual reproduction

Question 8

A group of genetically identical individuals

Answer 8

Clone

Question 9

Two parents give rise to offspring that have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two parents

Answer 9

Sexual reproduction

Question 10

The generation-to-generation sequence of stages in the reproductive history of an organism

Answer 10

Life cycle

Question 11

Image of the chromosomes are arranged in pairs, starting with the longest chromosome

Answer 11

Karyotype

Question 12

Two chromosomes of a pair have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern

Answer 12

Homologous chromosomes

Question 13

X and Y chromosomes

Answer 13

Sex chromosomes

Question 14

All other chromosomes separate from the sex chromosomes

Answer 14

Autosomes

Question 15

Any cell with two chromosome sets

Answer 15

Diploid cell

Question 16

Gametes containing a single set of chromosomes

Answer 16

Haploid cell

Question 17

The union of gametes

Answer 17

Fertilization

Question 18

The resulting fertilized egg

Answer 18

Zygote

Question 19

Cell division that reduces the number of sets of chromosomes from two to one in the gametes

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

A life cycle in which there is both a multicellular diploid form, the sporophyte, and a multicellular haploid form, the gametophyte

Answer 20

Alternation of generations

Question 21

First part of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosomes sets as an original cell

Answer 21

Meiosis I

Question 22

Second part of cell division that results in cells with half the number of chromosome sets as the original cell

Answer 22

Meiosis II

Question 23

Paired homologs become physically connected to each other along their lengths by a zipper-like protein

Answer 23

Synapsis

Question 24

A genetic rearrangement between non sister chromatids involving the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA molecules

Answer 24

Crossing over

Question 25

Each homologous pair has one or more X-shaped regions

Answer 25

Chiasmata

Question 26

Individual chromosomes that carry genes derived from two different parents

Answer 26

Recombinant chromosomes