Chapter 9

Question 0

From the beginning, what role did natives play in the fur trade?

Answer 0

The natives took over a part of the fur business and became entrepreneurs and mediated between Europeans and other native groups

Question 1

When native people first encountered Europeans how did the relationship develop into one of mutual dependency?

Answer 1

The traders bought furs, which natives could get relatively easily, and sold goods that first Nations people wanted

Question 2

What was the preferred business arrangement over which fur trading companies would guard furiously?

Answer 2

A Monopoly

Question 3

After the fall of New France who took over the fur trade from the French?

Answer 3

Scottish and American entrepreneurs eventually came together who formed the Northwest Company

Question 4

Between which two fur trading companies did a strong rivalry develop?

Answer 4

Between the Hudson’s Bay Company and the Northwest Company

Question 5

True or false. The fur traders were not colonists.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Why?

Answer 6

They had no desire to settle permanently in the lands where they traded. They exploit land for profit and are constantly traveling. They would never be at the colonies if they had one

Question 7

Fur traders were also called..

Answer 7

Economic Imperialists

Question 8

What was the significance of the beaver hat, in European society?

Answer 8

They were a symbol of social superiority

Question 9

What was Pierre Radisson’s experience with the native people?

Answer 9

He was a Coureurs de Bois and had been a prisoner of the Mohawks for many years.

Question 10

What had Médart de Groseilliers learned from the Hurons?

Answer 10

About untouched fur lands in the north of Lake superior

Question 11

How did the government of New France respond to the discovery of rich fur trading territory in Hudson’s Bay by Radisson and Groseilliers?

Answer 11

They confiscated the riches and refused to even consider a trade based on Hudson’s Bay.

Question 12

Why did Radisson and Groseilliers travel to England in 1669?

Answer 12

For support in their scheme

Question 13

Why were King Charles 2nd and his cousin Prince Rupert considered to be economic imperialists?

Answer 13

They felt they had the right to take over any land that would provide wealth

Question 14

What kind of pay did Europeans receive while working in an HBC factory or fort?

Answer 14

All people received a salary and were expected to work long hours.

Question 15

What was life like for workers in the HBC trading posts?

Answer 15

Life was dull and filled with routine chores. Many people got tired of others company.

Question 16

Following the fall of New France in 1763, who were the heirs to the old fur-trading companies?

Answer 16

The Northwest Company was a partnership of Scottish and American capitalists. They moved to Montreal after the fall of New France

Question 17

In 1783 what did the smaller, old fur-trading companies do to compete with the HBC?

Answer 17

A number of small companies merged to form the Northwest Company

Question 18

Where did the Northwest Company establish fur trading territory?

Answer 18

They built many trading posts throughout the interior of the west and the north as well.

Question 19

How did the HBC respond to the competition with NWC?

Answer 19

It force the HBC to build inland posts. Competition became fierce.

Question 20

What factors enabled indigenous people on the Pacific Coast north of Oregon to resist surrendering their rights to Europeans?

Answer 20

The coast Indians had large populations and powerful, well organized societies.

Question 21

In the Nootka Sound area of Vancouver Island, what leader of the native people demand respect from the Europeans?

Answer 21

Maquinna

Question 22

What Spanish explorers explored the Northwest Coast between 1774 and
1779?

Answer 22

Juan Perez and Bodega Y Quadra

Question 23

Who was Vitus Bering?

Answer 23

A Dane sent to look for land suitable for a Russian colony.

Question 24

What kind of trade did Bering and Russian traders, start in the Pacific Northwest?

Answer 24

A brisk trade in skins.

Question 25

What was the impact of this Russian trade?

Answer 25

They were soon joined by American and English captains who slaughtered millions of sea otters and fur seals.

Question 26

Why did the fur trade work well with the lifestyle of many native peoples?

Answer 26

Hunters continued their way of life, and woman continue to prepare pelts and preserve food.

Question 27

Apart from the trade in furs, how did fur traders at trading posts benefit from native assistance?

Answer 27

The natives supplied food

Question 28

In what way was the fur trade much more than buying and selling?

Answer 28

It was also a meeting of cultures. Both groups had to learn to deal with different customs.

Question 29

Explain how the fur trade may have been considered as mutual exploitation between the Europeans the natives.

Answer 29

Traders wanted to get the best deal possible but natives were constantly demanding to be given honest prices on the goods they bought.

Question 30

Name ways in which fur-trade impacted the native peoples of Canada.

Answer 30

Natives became dependent on European goods for their own survival.

Question 31

Who were the country wives?

Answer 31

Native or Métis women.

Question 32

Although Indigenous women worked as hard as the European fur traders and explorers, how are they treated?

Answer 32

They are scarcely even mentioned in the journals of fur traders or explorers.

Question 33

Who was Thanadelthur?

Answer 33

A young, Chipewyan woman. Made peace between the Cree and HBC.

Question 34

Why did the HBC and and NWC become such rivals?

Answer 34

There was a great deal of money to be made in fur trade. The two companies tried every trick in the book to take customers away from each other.

Question 35

Who was Lord Selkirk and why did he established the Red River Colony?

Answer 35

He was a philanthropist. Concerned about the terrible poverty and wanted to help.

Question 36

How did he obtained the money for his land?

Answer 36

Because he owned many shares in the company of Hudsons Bay.

Question 37

For the first two years, why did the Red River colonists have to rely on the Métis and the NWC in order to survive?

Answer 37

They didn't know much about agriculture and didn't have much to cultivate the land with.

Question 38

After the merger of the HBC and NWC in 1821, how were furs shipped from Canada to Europe?

Answer 38

Through Hudson's Bay.

Question 39

Who was the "Little Emperor"?

Answer 39

George Simpson.

Question 40

What was his role in the fur trade?

Answer 40

He promoted conservation and brought back the dwindling wild stocks of fur- bearing animals.