Chapter 9 Flashcards
(41 cards)
State the Caloric Theory of heat.
an obsolete model of heat that considered heat a material fluid that flowed from hot to cold objects.
Who explained the way engines work, using only the caloric theory?
Sadi Carnot
State the Kinetic-Molecular theory of heat.
The concept that tiny particles in constant, random motion make up all matter.
What is the sum of fall forms of particle energy in a substance?
internal energy
What solar farms use mirrors to concentrate inexhaustible solar energy?
stirling engine generators
What is a completely enclosed piston engine containing a working gas that is transferred back and forth between hot and cold?
heat exchangers
What is the average kinetic energy of its atoms and molecules?
temperature
What is the dimensional unit for temperature?
degree
What do we use to measure temperature?
a thermometer
What is a physical property of matter that changes predictably with a given change of temperature?
thermometric property
What are such standards for measuring scale?
fiducial points
What is the Fahrenheit scale?
A temperature scale with fiducial points at the freezing point (32F) and the boiling point (212F) of pure water at 1 atm of pressure.
What is the Kelvin scale?
The absolute temperature scale, whose theoretical zero point is absolute zero. Its single fiducial point is the triple point of pure water. One kelvin is the same size unit as one degree Celsius.
What is the Celsius scale?
A temperature scale with fiducial points at the freezing point (0C) and the boiling point (100C) of pure water at 1 atm of pressure.
What is a thermal property of most materials in which length or volume increases in proportion with increasing temperature?
thermal expansion
How do you measure a material’s ability to conduct electricity?
through electrical resistance
What is velocity?
a fluid’s resistance to flow
What is heat?
the flow of thermal energy from one place to another.
What is entropy?
simply the measure of a systems disorder
What is conduction?
The flow of thermal energy from a hotter to a cooler object by direct contact.
What is thermal equilibrium?
When the objects have reached the same temperature.
What is the best natural conductor of thermal energy?
a diamond
What is convection?
The transfer of thermal energy from one location to another through the movement of matter.
When does natural convection occur?
when it is under the influence of gravity
