FINAL EXAM Flashcards

(62 cards)

1
Q

What is the belief that the only things we can know with confidence are the things we learn from scientific study?

A

Scientism

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2
Q

What is things we observed to exist or occur?

A

Phenomena

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3
Q

What science develops answers to natal-world questions by directly testing and observing present day phenomena?

A

Operational science

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4
Q

What is a model?

A

A simpler idea of a far more complex subject

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5
Q

Wha is a hypothesis?

A

An idea or theory that has not been proven

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6
Q

What do we call the system or collection of tools, rules, and prociediers used within an area of study?

A

Scientific methodology

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7
Q

What is the process of mixing by particle motion?

A

Diffusion

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8
Q

What happens when atoms combine to form larger particles?

A

It creates a molecule

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9
Q

What occurs when thermal energy is lost from a vapor through cooling?

A

Condensation

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10
Q

What is the difference between cations and anions?

A

Cations are positive and anions is negative

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11
Q

What is the difference between chemical and physical changes?

A

Physical changes the state but not the composition while chemical changes the composition

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12
Q

What are the three kinds of vaporization?

A

Evaporation
Boiling
Sublimation

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13
Q

What is a particle in motion known as?

A

Bronian motion

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14
Q

What do significant digits apply to?

A

Measured numbers

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15
Q

How de we measure weight and mass?

A

Mass we use kilograms and weight we use newtons

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16
Q

What country established the decimal metric system

A

France

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17
Q

What is a paradigm?

A

A generally accepted worldview

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18
Q

Any artificial device made do the purpose of refining, extending, or substituting for the human senses when measuring is known as:

A

Instrument

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19
Q

What is the segment of demention assigned a value of 1 for measuring purposes?

A

Unit

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20
Q

The difference between a measurement and the dimensions actual value is:

A

The error of measurement

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21
Q

What is the assessment of the measurement error?

A

Accuracy

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22
Q

What is the assessment of the exactness of a measurement?

A

Precision

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23
Q

What indicates the amount of matter in an object and the effect of gravity?

A

Weight

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24
Q

What are the two parts of measured data?

A

Numbers and demention all unit

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25
Why can measuring never be exact?
Because the instrument might have defects and the human might have defects
26
What Si unit do scientist use for measuring volumes of liquids?
Liters
27
What measuring system does the United States use?
The English system
28
Know the conversion table
Kilo, hecto, deka, BASIC UNIT, deci, centi, milli
29
What is the discription of how things move?
Kinematics
30
What is everything inside the boundraies we study?
System
31
What are vectors represented as?
Arrows
32
What is the change in position, including direction?
Displacement
33
What includes both changes in speed and direction?
Acceleration
34
What is the formula for speed?
Speed=distance/time
35
What is to formula for velocity?
Velocity=displacement/time
36
What is the formula for acceleration?
Acceleration=a change in velocity/ a change in time
37
*look over the acceleration sheets
::::::::::
38
What are the building blocks of all matter?
atoms
39
The number of what determines the atomic number of a atom?
protons
40
Matter that contains only one type of atom or a fixed ratio of different atoms is called what?
a pure substance
41
the base unit foe measeurement is the what?
meter
42
What is the assessment of the measurement error?
precision
43
Which quantity indicates how fast motion occurs?
seach answer
44
What type is most real world collisions?
in elastic
45
What is done when an object moves through a distance because a force acting on it?
work
46
Systems that consist of lone individual particles or masses of particles acting as a single object may have what?
mass energy
47
The transmission of energy through matter by particle oscillations that occur in a specific direction is called what?
*****
48
What type of collision occurs when after the collision the rebounding objects are temporarily or permanently deformed in some way?
partially elastic collision
49
What is heat?
*****
50
What does a larger pitch on a screw mean?
a larger mechanical advantage
51
List two examples of an inclined planes.
a screw ****f
52
What is a wheel and axel?
****
53
What is the science of the transmission of forces and energy by liquids called?
hydraulics
54
The physics of flowing fluids?
Pneumatics
55
Objects that sink are:
negatively buoyant
56
A hydraulic pump works using what scientific principle?
Charles law
57
What is the study of how fluids flow and how forces and energy are transmitted through fluids are called what?
fluids mechanics
58
Describe Pascal's principle.
****
59
What is bournelli's principle?
*****
60
What is boyle's law?
the more gas pressure on the mercury the smaller the mercury gets.
61
Who developed the caloric theory to explain heat?
Antoine Lavoisier
62
The temperature of a substance is directly related to the average what energy energy of its atoms?
kinetic