Chapter 9

Question 1

Kisspeptin

Answer 1

Triggers the activation of GnRH.

Question 2

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 2

Substance released in the brain that triggers a hormonal cascade related to activity of the reproductive system.

Question 3

Progesterone

Answer 3

A hormone involved in the reproductive cycle, especially in females

Question 4

Pubarche

Answer 4

The appearance of pubic hair in both sexes

Question 5

Thelarche

Answer 5

The budding of breasts in girls

Question 6

Menarche

Answer 6

A girl’s first menstruation

Question 7

Spermarche

Answer 7

A boy’s first ejaculation.

Question 8

Leptin

Answer 8

Hormone found in the fat tissue that plays a role in appetite and eating behaviors

Question 9

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 9

Both internal and external physical differences between the sexes, which increase the adolescent growth spurt.

Question 10

Diminished capacity

Answer 10

A guilty actor is considered less than fully blameworthy because of some deficiency at the time of the offense. Perhaps they were mentally ill, stress, or
impaired.

Question 11

Compelling circumstances

Answer 11

Conditions that mitigate the guilt of a criminal defendant because he or she faced such pressure when the crime was committed.

Question 12

Uncharacteristic behavior

Answer 12

A condition that mitigates a criminal defendant’s guilt because the crime is not typical of them.

Question 13

Experience sampling method

Answer 13

A research technique in which participants are interrupted at random times during the day and asked to report on what they are doing, thinking, and feeling.

Question 14

Delayed phase preference

Answer 14

A shift in sleep patterns characterized by staying up later in the evening and sleeping later in the morning than children. Associated with hormonal changes at puberty.

Question 15

Double standard

Answer 15

Giving medication intended to relieve pain even though there is a chance death can result.

Question 16

Rumination

Answer 16

Repeated focusing of attention on negative mood and cognitions. Ineffective emotion regulation strategy. Related to avoidance of emotional experience.

Question 17

Adrenarche

Answer 17

The point just before puberty when the adrenal glands increases its activities and children begin to show sexual attraction.

Question 18

Seduction hypothesis

Answer 18

Freud’s early view that some psychopathology stems from infantile sexual molestation.

Question 19

Formal operational stage

Answer 19

When children are able to engage in thinking that

1. Rises above particular contents and focuses on relations that governs those contents
2. Involves coordinating multiple relationships
3. Can be difficult even for adults.

Question 20

Ideals

Answer 20

Imagined, logically organized, perfect systems that do not match reality.

Question 21

Ego identity

Answer 21

Includes all dimensions of self-knowledge and serves as the foundation for the behavioral, affective, and cognitive commitments.

Question 22

Diffusion

Answer 22

Describes young adolescents on the identity development process. They are not actively involved in exploring possible life choices, or making any life
commitments.

Question 23

Moratorium

Answer 23

Individuals who are actively involved in exploring possible life choices, but not having made any firm commitments to them.

Question 24

Foreclosure

Answer 24

Describes individuals who make commitments with little or no exploration of alternatives. They don’t reflect.

Question 25

Achievement

Answer 25

Persons in this category have constructed their identity by their own efforts to shape and transform their earlier selves.

Question 26

Constructed identity

Answer 26

The identity not based upon a predetermined set of expectations

Question 27

Conferred identity

Answer 27

The identity attained by those who are foreclosed(individuals who make commitments with little or no exploration or alternatives).

Question 28

Ego identity interview

Answer 28

Assesses the core domains of identity.

Question 29

Closed commitment (Marcia’s foreclosure)

Answer 29

Signifies an identity with a high level of present commitment and low levels of coexisting exploration.

Question 30

Achieving commitment (Marcia’s achievement)

Answer 30

Emphasizes the dynamic linkage between high levels of commitment and high levels of exploration.

Question 31

Closed identity domains

Answer 31

Areas of identity in which individuals tend toward foreclosure(a set identity) because they have little control over them.

Question 32

Open identity domains

Answer 32

Areas in which individuals assert much control and can be successful in achieving commitment.

Question 33

List the racial/ethnic socialization practices (3).

Answer 33

1. Teaching about culture 2. Preparing children for possible experience of discrimination 3. Providing them with opportunities for mainstream cultural experiences

Question 34

What are Marcia’s 4 identity status categories characterizing individuals whose development has been marked by exploration and then commitment to certain individuals?

Answer 34

1. Achievement 2. Foreclosure 3. Diffusion 4. Moratorium

Question 35

In Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, there’s a formal operational stage. At what age does this begin?

Answer 35

At about 11 or 12 years.

Question 36

What are the 2 hormones that stimulates the gonads?

Answer 36

1. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | 2. Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 37

Which parts of the brain, in adolescence, goes through the most pruning? (4)

Answer 37

1. Frontal lobes 2. Parietal lobes 3. Temporal lobes 4. Corpus callosum

Question 37

Which 3 brain processes are said to contribute to increased voluntary control of attention, more effective integration of information, and maturing or other expect functions?

Answer 37

1. Synaptogenesis 2. Pruning 3. Myelination

Question 38

The two parts of resolution-identity achievement.

Answer 38

1. Reconciling the differences that exist between the ethnic minority group an the dominant group 2. Coming to terms with the lower status of one’s group within a larger society

Question 39

Supple’s stages of identity development

Answer 39

1. Exploration 2. Resolution 3. Affirmation