Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration (8.3, 9.1 - 9.3)

Question 1

Where are Photo systems I and II found?

Answer 1

Photo systems I and II are found in the chloroplast’s thylakoids membranes.

Question 2

What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration in order?

Answer 2

The 3 stages are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Question 3

How many molecules of ATP are gained from glycolysis?

Answer 3

Glycolysis produces 4 molecules of ATP but 2 were invested in the beginning. Thus, there is a net gain of 2 ATP molecules.

Question 4

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Answer 4

The products of photosynthesis are sugar (glucose) and oxygen.

Question 5

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Answer 5

The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen.

Question 6

What does glycolysis require?

Answer 6

Glycolysis requires glucose and 2 ATP molecules.

Question 7

What is another name for the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 7

The Calvin Cycle is sometimes known as dark reactions or light-independent reactions.

Question 8

What is the product of the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 8

Glucose is the product of the Calvin Cycle.

Question 9

Where do light-dependent reactions and the Calvin Cycle take place?

Answer 9

The Calvin Cycle takes place in the stroma and light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoids membranes.

Question 10

What happens when carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment?

Answer 10

The plant will not be able to perform photosynthesis without carbon dioxide and will cease to make glucose.

Question 11

How much ATP is produced from cellular respiration?

Answer 11

Cellular respiration releases about 36 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.

Question 12

What is the role of hydrogen ions in the conversion of ADP to ATP?

Answer 12

ADP changes to ATP when hydrogen ions pass through it.

Question 13

What must break down in order for cellular respiration to release energy?

Answer 13

Glucose breaks down in order for cellular respiration to release energy.

Question 14

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 14

6CO2 + 6H2O ——> C6H12O6 + 6O2 is the equation for photosynthesis with the arrow representing solar energy. It translates to Carbon Dioxide + Water = Sugars + Oxygen.

Question 15

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 15

6CO2 + C6H12O6 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy. It translates to Oxygen + Glucose = Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy. It does not require sunlight.

Question 16

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 16

Glycolysis take place in the cytoplasm.

Question 17

Where does cellular respiration take place?

Answer 17

Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria.

Question 18

How do organisms get their energy?

Answer 18

Organisms get the energy they need from food. Food molecules contain chemical energy that is released when its chemical bonds are broken.

Question 19

What is a Calorie?

Answer 19

A Calorie is the amount of energy needed to raised the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. 1000 calories is equal to 1 kilocalorie, or 1 Calorie.

Question 20

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

Answer 20

Photosynthesis makes the glucose that is used in cellular respiration to make ATP. The glucose is then turned back into carbon dioxide, which is used in photosynthesis. While water is broken down to form oxygen during photosynthesis, in cellular respiration oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water.

Question 21

What’s the difference between an aerobic process and an anaerobic process? Give examples of both. Which one produces more ATP?

Answer 21

An anaerobic process, such as glycolysis, doesn’t require oxygen. The Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain do require oxygen so they are known as aerobic. Aerobic respiration produces more ATP.

Question 22

What happens in cellular respiration?

Answer 22

In cellular respiration, energy is released from food in the presence of oxygen.

Question 23

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 23

The products of glycolysis are 4 ATP, (net gain 2) 2 NADPH, and 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

Question 24

What happens in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 24

During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Question 25

When do plants go through cellular respiration?

Answer 25

Plants go through cellular respiration at night.

Question 26

What is another name for the Krebs cycle?

Answer 26

Another name for the Krebs cycle is the Citric Acid cycle.

Question 27

What is the innermost compartment of the mitochondria where pyruvic acid enters during the Krebs cycle?

Answer 27

The matrix is the innermost compartment of the mitochondria.

Question 28

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most energy?

Answer 28

The electron transport chain produces the bulk of the energy in cellular respiration by using oxygen, a powerful electron acceptor.

Question 29

How does the electron transport chain convert ADP into ATP?

Answer 29

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP.

Question 30

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the least amount of energy?

Answer 30

Glycolysis produces the least amount of energy.

Question 31

What happens when photons hit photo systems I and II during a light-dependent reaction?

Answer 31

The electrons inside become highly energized. They spend their energy on transporting hydrogen ions from the stroma to the lumen. When the electron loses all its energy, it then moves to photo system I and the cycle continues.

Question 32

What action contributes to the inside of the thylakoid membrane becoming positively charged during light-dependent reactions?

Answer 32

H+ ions are released when the oxygen in H2O separates from the hydrogen. (The water splits)

Question 33

Why is referring to light-independent reactions as dark reactions misleading?

Answer 33

Calling them "dark reactions" is misleading because the process can take place in both light and darkness.

Question 34

What are the three factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 34

The three factors are temperature, light intensity, and carbon dioxide concentration.

Question 35

What is the flow of electrons during photosynthesis?

Answer 35

H2O ---> NADP ---> Calvin cycle

Question 36

How many ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle?

Answer 36

2 ATP molecules are produced in the Krebs cycle.

Question 37

Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

Answer 37

It takes place in the matrix.

Question 38

How many FADH2 molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose?

Answer 38

2 FADH2 molecules are produced.

Question 39

How does the body produce ATP during different stages of exercise?

Answer 39

For short, quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in muscles as well as ATP made by lactic acid fermentation. For exercise longer than 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to continue generating a supply of ATP.

Question 40

What are the different pathways for fermentation?

Answer 40

Under anaerobic conditions, (no oxygen) fermentation follows glycolysis. During fermentation, cells convert NADH produced by glycolysis back into the electron carrier NAD+, which allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP. Alternatively, most organisms carry out fermentation using a chemical reaction that converts pyruvic acid into lactic acid. This is called lactic acid fermentation.