Chapter 9 Final

Question 1

Vasculitis is caused by:

Answer 1

Immune-mediated inflammation, drug hypersensitivities, irradiation, trauma and vascular invasion by pathogens

Question 2

The most common type of vasculitis in the elderly.

Answer 2

Giant Cell Arteritis

Question 3

Which signs and symptoms are seen in GCA?

Answer 3

Diplopia/vision loss, HA, pyrexia and tenderness

Question 4

GCA is most common in:

Answer 4

Elderly (avg. 55 years)

Question 5

GCA is also called:

Answer 5

Temporal arteritis

Question 6

GCA typically affects which artery?

Answer 6

Temporal artery (also ophthalmic artery if vision loss occurs)

Question 7

System-wide vasculitis that affects small and medium-sized arteries.

Answer 7

Polyarteritis nodosa

Question 8

Polyarteritis nodosa affects which parts of the body?

Answer 8

Kidney, heart, liver and visceral arteries

Question 9

PN is most common in:

Answer 9

Young adults

Question 10

PN symptoms include acute attacks that often resolve and then return. This type of symptomotology is referred to as:

Answer 10

Paroxysmal (“comes and goes”)

Question 11

Immunosuppression results in remission in what percentage of cases of PN?

Answer 11

90%

Question 12

What type of necrosis will be seen in PN?

Answer 12

Fibrinoid necrosis

Question 13

Cervical lymphadenopathy, acute/persistent fever and strawberry tongue are also signs and symptoms of:

Answer 13

Kawasaki disease

Question 14

Kawasaki disease is the most common vasculitis among which population?

Answer 14

Pediatrics (80% less than 4 years old)

Question 15

If an MI occurs in a pediatric patient, you would suspect:

Answer 15

Kawasaki disease

Question 16

Painful, cyanotic extremities, gangrene and local inflammation of the hands and feet caused by chronic smoking.

Answer 16

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease)

Question 17

Which patient population is most likely to have Buerger disease?

Answer 17

Males typically around 35 years

Question 18

Raynaud phenomenon is most commonly seen in:

Answer 18

Adolescent/young adult FEMALES

Question 19

Venous thrombosis without previous inflammation is termed:

Answer 19

Phlebothrombosis

Question 20

Venous thrombosis following inflammation is termed:

Answer 20

Thrombophlebitis

Question 21

Dilated and tortuous superficial veins and increased intraluminal pressure are signs of:

Answer 21

Varicose veins

Question 22

The most common type of thrombophlebitis is _____ and occurs in _____% of all cases.

Answer 22

DVT; 90%

Question 23

Lymphedema is primarily the result of _____ and secondarily the result of _____.

Answer 23

Congenital defects; Obstruction

Question 24

_____ is the result of acute lymphedema, while chronic lymphedema results in _____.

Answer 24

Peau d’orange; brawny induration

Question 25

Acute inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and red streaks are signs of:

Answer 25

Lymphangitis

Question 26

True/False: Vascular tumors are typically malignant.

Answer 26

FALSE; they are benign

Question 27

Hemangiomas are common in _____ and are most commonly seen where?

Answer 27

Newborns (1:200); Face/head

Question 28

75-80% of hemangioma cases resolve by what age?

Answer 28

7 years

Question 29

Kaposi sarcomas are most commonly seen in patients with ____ and are caused by which microorganism?

Answer 29

AIDS; human herpesvirus 8

Question 30

Angiosarcomas are usually _____, and are typically seen in which patients?

Answer 30

Malignant; Older adults

Question 31

True/False: Angiosarcomas have a poor prognosis.

Answer 31

True (30% 5-year survival rate)

Question 32

Angiosarcomas most commonly occur where?

Answer 32

Skin, breast and liver

Question 33

What is the purpose of endovascular stenting?

Answer 33

Preserve luminal patency

Question 34

Which vein is typically used as a transplant for vascular interventions?

Answer 34

Saphenous vein (now it's internal mamillary artery)