Chapter 9 - fitness components

Question 1

define aerobic power

Answer 1

the maximum rate of energy production from the aerobic energy system.
- the explosivity of a movement

Question 2

what are some examples of events where aerobic power would be evident

Answer 2

• running 1500m+ events
• triathlons
• intermittent sport events

Question 3

give 3 examples of training methods for aerobic power

Answer 3

beep test
VO2 max test
continuous, fartlek, long interval

Question 4

identify and explain 3 obvious affecting factors for aerobic power

Answer 4

• fibre type: slow twitch for aerobic events
• respiratory system: health of the lungs
• muscular system: concentration of oxidative enzymes

Question 5

define body composition

Answer 5

The relative proportion of bone, muscle and fat within the body

Question 6

identify and explain 2 affecting factors of body composition

Answer 6

• genetics: genetic predisposition from our parents

- diet and physical activity levels

Question 7

give 3 examples of training methods for body composition

Answer 7

• BMI index
• waist circumference
• aerobic training (decreases fat), anaerobic training (builds muscle)

Question 8

define flexibility

Answer 8

the range of movement around a joint and the interaction between muscles and bones

Question 9

what are the 2 types of flexibility

Answer 9

• static: joint range of motion when stationary

- dynamic: resistance to motion in a joint

Question 10

identify 2 examples of events/sports where flexibility is evident

Answer 10

throwing

gymnastics routine

Question 11

identify and explain 3 affecting factors of flexibility

Answer 11

• joint structure: ball and socket, hinge
• connective tissue: strength of the joint vs flexibility of the joint
• muscle temperature: increased muscle temperature = increased muscle elasticity

Question 12

give 3 examples of flexibility training methods

Answer 12

• joint rotation
• ankle extension and dorsiflexion test
• different types of stretching (static, dynamic, PNF)

Question 13

define muscular endurance

Answer 13

the ability of a muscle group to perform repeated contractions against resistance for an extended period of time

Question 14

give 3 sports that rely on muscular endurance

Answer 14

• swimming
• running
• triathlon

Question 15

give 2 affecting factors for muscular endurance

Answer 15

• fatigue: increased ability to resist fatigue is due to increased lactate tolerance
• fibre type: slow twitch and fast twitch?

Question 16

define muscular strength

Answer 16

• the maximal force that can be generated by a muscle or muscle group in one maximal effort

Question 17

give 3 sports/activities which associates with muscular strength

Answer 17

• weightlifting
• gripping anything (racket, handle, bat)
• pushing someone or something

Question 18

give 3 examples of muscular endurance affecting factors

Answer 18

• speed of contraction: isoinertial (resistance to the muscle through a range of motion), isometric (static hold), isokinetic
• fibre type and arrangement: unipennate, fusiform (fastest), multipennate (strongest)
• joint angle: the optimal angle for a muscle to be to create maximal strength

Question 19

give 3 training methods for muscular strength

Answer 19

• one rep max
• grip strength
• resistance training

Question 20

define agility

Answer 20

• the ability to change body position or direction quickly and accurately while maintaining balance

Question 21

what are some sports that are associated with the need for agility

Answer 21

• soccer, rugby
• changing direction in gymnastics
• dribbling in basketball and soccer

Question 22

give 3 affecting factors for agility

Answer 22

• centre of gravity: the lower the centre of gravity, the more the agility
• flexibility: the more flexible you are, the faster yo are able to change direction
• line of gravity: staying inside the line of gravity will result in greater agility

Question 23

give 3 examples of training methods for agility

Answer 23

• Illinois agility test
• 5-0-5 agility test
• short interval with changes in direction

Question 24

define anaerobic capacity

Answer 24

the amount of energy that the body can produce without using oxygen

Question 25

give 2 examples of events/sports that are associated with anaerobic capacity

Answer 25

- sprint events | - high explosive events

Question 26

give 2 examples of affecting factors for anaerobic capacity

Answer 26

- lactate tolerance: higher trained athletes have a higher lactate tolerance and are able to perform for longer anaerobically - larger fibre recruitment: the more muscle fibres recruited, the more explosive you will be due to more power being able to be produced

Question 27

give 3 examples of training methods for anaerobic capacity

Answer 27

- phosphate recovery test - 30 second Wingate test - Repco peak power test - short intermediate interval

Question 28

define balance

Answer 28

- the body's ability to remain in a state of equilibrium while performing a desired task

Question 29

define static balance

Answer 29

body control while not moving

Question 30

define dynamic balance

Answer 30

- it involves keeping the body's balance under control while moving

Question 31

what are 3 examples of affecting factors for balance

Answer 31

- centre of gravity: a larger centre of gravity will result in more balance - base of support: an increase in the size of the base of support increases balance - ear issues: the brain controls balance using feedback received from the inner ear

Question 32

define coordination

Answer 32

the ability to use different parts of the body together smoothly and efficiently

Question 33

give 3 examples of activities where coordination is evident

Answer 33

- ball sports involving eye-hand or eye-foot coordination - dancing - gymnastics routine

Question 34

give 3 examples of affecting factors for coordination

Answer 34

- poor vision - stage of development: associative, autonomous, cognitive - cognitive limitations: lowered cognition is associated with low coordination

Question 35

define muscular power

Answer 35

the ability to contract muscles with speed and force in one EXPLOSIVE act

Question 36

what are some activities for muscular power

Answer 36

- explosive events: throwing - golf drive - tackles - jumps

Question 37

give 3 affecting factors for muscular power

Answer 37

- speed of contraction: combination of force and speed - muscular strength: increases with maximum power production - motor unit recruitment: higher recruitment of muscle fibres will result in greater muscular power

Question 38

give 4 examples of training methods for muscular power

Answer 38

- vertical jump - standing long jump - resistance training - plyometrics

Question 39

define speed

Answer 39

the ability to move the whole body from one place to another in the shortest time possible

Question 40

what are some activities associated with speed

Answer 40

- sprint events - accelerating to create space from opponents in team games - racket and club speed in striking sports

Question 41

give 3 affecting factors for speed

Answer 41

- anaerobic power: increased power will have more speed - muscle arrangement: fusiform muscles generate more speed than pennate - lactate tolerance: idk lol

Question 42

define reaction time

Answer 42

- how quickly the body can react to an external stimuli | - essential for speed and agility

Question 43

what are some activities associated with rection time

Answer 43

- catching the ball in the slips (cricket) - reacting to the start gun in a sprint race - reacting to the tennis ball

Question 44

give 3 affecting factors for reaction time

Answer 44

- number of responses: if you have to react to multiple things - environmental cues: minimal distractions will result in faster reaction times - anticipation of cue: predicting the stimuli