Chapter 9-Functional Programming for Stability-Mobility and Movement

Question 1

Joint stability

Answer 1

the ability of a person to control and maintain the joint position or movement

Question 2

Joint mobility

Answer 2

this is the amount (range) of uninhibited movement around a body segment or joint

Question 3

Arthrokinematics

Answer 3

this is the motor output and sensory input based on physiological and neurological systems. It also includes joint mechanics.

Question 4

The length/tension relationship

Answer 4

relationship between (actin and myosin) contractile proteins of a sarcomere and their force-generating capacity

1. Stretching of sarcomere beyond its normal resting length: increases force-generating capacity and arrangement between the muscles contractile proteins
2. Stretch beyond optimal length: reduces potential for contractile proteins binding and decreases the muscle’s force-generating capacity
3. Short stretch beyond resting length: overlap of contractile proteins, reduces force-generating potential

Question 5

The force/couple relationship

Answer 5

The prime movers:

1) rectus abdominus and hip flexors- RA pulls upward on the anterior and inferior pelvis while HF pulls downward on the anterior, superior pelvis
2) hamstrings and erector spinae- H pull down on the posterior, inferior pelvis while ES pull up on the posterior, superior pelvis
3) deltoids and rotator cuff- D is prime mover in arm abduction, yet the RC helps to counter the direct upward pull pf the D to produce rotation

Question 6

Neural control

Answer 6

1) Reciprocal inhibition: This is the reflex inhibition of antagonistic motor neurons during the time that agonist muscles are contracting.
2) Synergistic dominance: This happens when synergistic muscles (the other muscles at the joint) carry out the primary movements/functions of an inhibited/weakened prime mover

Question 7

The First Phase of Movement:
Stability and Mobility Training
Meaning

Answer 7

The first phase is meant to restore good levels of mobility and stability within the client’s body

Question 8

How do slow twitch muscle fibers improve stability and mobility?

Answer 8

they improve muscular endurance of stabilizer muscles/ allow joint stabilization for prolonged periods of time with minimal fatigue

Question 9

What 5 methods of stretching help to improve stability and mobility?

Answer 9

1) Static- self-administered, stretch taken to the point of tension doing a minimum of 4 repetitions holding each stretch for 15-60seconds
2) SMR (self-myofascial release)- self-administered, small continuous back and forth movements on a foam roller or similar device covering an area of 2-6inches over tender region for 30-60seconds, it resets proprioceptive mechanisms of the soft tissue
3) PNF (proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation):
4) Dynamic!
5) Ballistic!

! Both of these are good for those who are interested in participating in sports that require these stretches

*during phase one, much of it is devoted to improving upon muscle flexibility

Question 10

Proximal stability (core activation)

Answer 10

• Help to promote lumbar spine stability by bettering the core musculature reflex function
• The innermost layer of core: The vertebral discs/bones and ligaments of the spine on both the back and front of the spinal column (they are too small to provide stabilization of the spine, but they do provide continuous feedback to brain regarding loading and position of the spine through their sensory nerve endings)

Question 11

What are the three stages of Phase 1?

Answer 11

1. Core function
2. Static Balance
3. Dynamic Balance

Question 12

2 exercises for proximal stability (core function)

Answer 12

1. The supine draw in exercise (centering)*
2. The quadrupled draw in exercise with added movement of the extremities*
   * refer to page 278 and 279

Question 13

Proximal mobility (thoracic spine and hips)

Answer 13

1. Helps to improve the mobility of both the joints that are adjacent to the lumbar spine
2. Helps in avoiding compensated or undesirable movement patterns
3. Monoarticulate: When muscle crosses one joint
4. Biarticulated: When a muscle crosses to joints

Question 14

7 Different exercises for Proximal Mobility

Answer 14

1. Pelvic Tilts
   - Modified dead bug + reverse knee marches, supine bent knee marchesrefer to page 283
2. Cat/camel*page 281
3. Mobility for hip flexors
   - The half kneeling triplanar stretch
   - hip flexor stretch (lying)*page 284
4. Hamstring mobility exercises
   - Lying hamstring stretch*285
5. Hip mobilization + glute activation
   - Glue to bridge/shoulder bridge
   - Supine 90/90 hip rotator stretch*286-287
6. T-spine (thoracic) mobilization exercises
   - Spinal twists and spinal extension *287-288
7. Posterior mobilization
   - Rocking quadriceps*289

Question 15

Purpose of Proximal stability (around the shoulder)

Answer 15

For bettering the stability in the scapulothoracic area during pushing and pulling type movements

Question 16

Glenohumeral joint mobility and its purpose for shoulder stability

Answer 16

it is a highly mobile joint and its ability to achieve this degree of movement is contingent upon the stability of the scapulothoracic region (the ability of the scapulae to maintain appropriate proximity against the rib cage during movement

Question 17

6 Requirements for improving stability in the scapulothoracic area

Answer 17

1. Thoracic mobility
2. Extensibility of tissue by passive and active structures
   - Self-myofascial release, posterior capsule stretches, inferior capsule stretch, superior capsule stretch and anterior capsule stretch (for pecs)*page 291
3. Healthy muscle functions of the rotator cuffs
4. Good muscle balance in the parascapular muscles
5. The ability to resist an upward gliding motion and impingement of the coracoacromial arch during shoulder movements
6. CKC (closed chain kinetic) movements

Question 18

CKC (closed chain kinetic) movements

Answer 18

1. The distal segment stays more fixed while moving
2. Compress and load joints
3. Increased proprioception and kinesthetic awareness
4. Exercises
   - External and internal humeral rotation, shoulder packing, reverse flies with 90/90, diagonals, CKC weight shifts, prone arm lifts *page 292-297

Question 19

Distal Mobility

Question 20

How to implement Static balance (what’s the definition) in your clients’ routine aka “The variables of training”

Answer 20

Def: ability to maintain the body’s center of movement (COM) within its base of stability (BOS)

1. 2-3 sessions a week
2. perform at the beginning of the routine
3. one set of between two and four repetitions. Each for between 5 and 10 seconds

Question 21

Training Conditions of Static Balance

Answer 21

1. Narrow BOS
2. Raise COG (center of gravity)
3. Shift LOG (line of gravity)
4. Sensory alteration
5. Sensory removal

Question 22

What is Dynamic Balance

Answer 22

When one’s body needs to react to a changing surface

Question 23

Standing patterns on one leg

Answer 23

• Purpose: Imbalance identification
• Exercises
  1. Single leg static balance
  2. Single leg stands

Question 24

The Second Phase of Movement:
Movement Training for ADL’s

Name the 5 Primary Movements

Answer 24

1. Bend-and-lift (like squatting)
2. Single-leg movements (single leg stance and lunging)
3. Pushing movements (primarily in the vertical or horizontal planes)
4. Pulling movements (primarily in the vertical or horizontal planes)
5. Rotational (spiral) movements

Question 25

Bend-and-lift Movements

Answer 25

1. The hip hinge
2. The alignment of the lower extremity
3. Figure 4 position

Question 26

Single-leg Movements

Answer 26

1. Half kneeling lunge rise

2. The lunge matrix and lunges

Question 27

Pushing Movements

Answer 27

1. Unilateral and bilateral pressing
2. Thoracic matrix
3. The overhead press

Question 28

Pulling Movements

Answer 28

Unilateral and bilateral rowing

Question 29

Rotational exercises

Answer 29

1. Hay bailers

2. Wood shops