Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Nutrition 200 > Chapter 9: Metabolism > Flashcards

Chapter 9: Metabolism Flashcards

(44 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

catabolism of each

A

MAKES ACETYLCOA

carbs (all, cytoplasm->mitochondria)
-glycolysis & bridge step

lipids (liver, mitochondria)
-beta oxidation

proteins (liver & kidneys, mitochondria)
-deamination

alcohol (liver, cytoplasm & mitochondria)
-MEOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anabolic of each

A

carbs (liver and kidney, cytoplasm and mitochondria)
-glucogenesis

lipids (liver and adipose tissue, cytoplasm)
-lipogenesis

protein (ribosomes, cytoplasm)
-protein synthesis

alcohol
-doesn’t have one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

composition of ATP

A

-nucleotide base
-sugar
-3 phosphates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does the body get more ATP

A

it’s recycled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a REDOX reaction

A

-reduction
-oxidation
LEOGER
lose electron oxidation
gain electron reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what vitamins are key in REDOX reactions

A

-riboflavin
-niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are ATP and oxidization connected

A

when macros are turned into ATP they are oxidized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is ATP produced

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

aerobic vs anaerobic respiration

A

aerobic
-oxygen
-MOST ENERGY

anaerobic
-no oxygen
-cori cycle (lactate->muscle fatigue)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

glycolysis: ATP in and out

A

2 in, 4 ATP 2 NADH out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which step of cellular respiration is irreversible

A

bridge step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what vitamins are required for bridge step

A

-thiamin
-niacin
-riboflavin
-pantothenic acid (B5)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is first step in citric acid cycle

A

acetylcoa reacts with oxaloacatate to form citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which step in glucose metabolism runs twice

A

citric acid cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does citric acid cycle make

A

-6NADH
-2FADH2
-2 GTP (->ATP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which step of glucose metabolism makes the most ATP

A

ETC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does ETC require

A

-iron
-copper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how much ATP from NADH and FADH2

Study These Flashcards
A

NADH
2.5 ATP

FADH2
1.5 ATP

19
Q

what is the cori cycle

Study These Flashcards
A

anaerobic process where

in muscle
glucose->pyruvate (makes ATP)
pyruvate->lactate

goes to liver
lactate->glucose (uses ATP)

goes back to muscle

20
Q

sources of fatty acids

Study These Flashcards
A

-dietary
-from adipose tissue (hormone-sensitive lipase

21
Q

fatty acid transport (cell & mitochondria)

Study These Flashcards
A

into cell
-passive diffusion

into mitochondria
-covalent linkage to carnitine

22
Q

how is a fatty acid activated for beta oxidation

Study These Flashcards
A

attaching a acetylcoa to it

23
Q

what is beta oxidation

Study These Flashcards
A

were carbons are taken off fatty acid (2 at a time) and produce
-1 NADH (ETC)
-1 FADH2 (ETC)
-1 acetylcoa (citric acid cycle)

24
Q

steps of beta-oxidation

Study These Flashcards
A

-oxidize
-hydrate
-oxidize
-hydrolyze

25
how do double bonds affect energy yield of fatty acids
saturated make slightly more energy
26
what happens if citric acid cycle runs out of intermediates?
-it will slow or stop -glucose and AA can be replenish intermediates
27
types of ketone bodies
-acetoacetic acid -beta-hydroxybutyric acid -acetone
28
where does protein metabolism happen
liver (branch chain amino acids in mucle)
29
what vitamin is required for transamination or deamination
B6
30
glucogenic vs ketogenic amino acids
glucogenic (make glucose) ketogenic (make ketone bodies)
31
ammonia
NH3 released by proteins, toxic to the brain
32
where does urea cycle occur
in cytosol and mitochondria of hepatic cells (liver)
33
what is urea cycle
the process of excreting the ammonia from protein deamination (ammonia->urea, excreted)
34
where does gluconeogenesis occur
in the kidney and liver
35
first step of gluconeogenesis
formation of oxaloacetate in mitochondria
36
how does alcohol metabolism work
-ethanol -> acetaldehyde (using MEOS, ADH, or catalase pathways) -acetaldehyde -> acetylcoa -enters citric acid cycle
37
molecules glucose turns into in metabolism
-glucose -pyruvate -oxaloacetate
38
where do citric acid cycle and ETC occur
-citric acid cycle (mitochondria) -ETC (mitochondria)
39
ATP / ADP ration
high- lots of energy low- less energy
40
how is energy metabolism regulated
enzymes -expression level -activity hormones -insulin & glucagon vitamins & minerals -cofactors & coenzymes
41
3 types of fasting
postprandial (0-6 hours) -breaks down glycogen -breaks down fatty acids from adipose -breaks down lean tissue (to make glucose) short term (3-5 days) -no carbs left -most energy from lean muscle long term (5+ days) -no carbs left -metabolism slows -ketone bodies -death (lean body mass 50% gone)
42
feasting causes increase in what
-increase adipose -increase insulin
43
excess intake of calories causes what
weight gain (even is protein)
44
what is the main concern of fasting
decrease of lean body (muscle) mass as it's used for energy

Nutrition 200 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions