Chapter 9: Minerals

Question 1

define minerals

Answer 1

essential, inorganic micronutrients with diverse regulatory functions

Question 2

difference between major and trace minerals

Answer 2

major minerals requires more than 100mg and trace minerals is needed less than 100mg/day

Question 3

name the 7 major minerals

Answer 3

Sodium
Potassium
Chloride
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
Sulfur

Question 4

what type of minerals is more prevalent on the composition of your body mass

Answer 4

calcium and phosphorus (1200g and 630g)

Question 5

what’s the percentage of minerals composition of body weight

Answer 5

4%

Question 6

calcium regulates

Answer 6

muscle contraction and structure of human bone

Question 7

minerals contributes to (NS) and (ph)

Answer 7

transmit nerve impulses and fluid balance

Question 8

minerals acts as a —— to enzymes

Answer 8

cofactor

Question 9

difference between hard and soft water

Answer 9

Hard water contains calcium and magnesium
Soft water contains sodium

Question 10

sioux falls tap water is

Answer 10

hard water

Question 11

3 minerals components of bone

Answer 11

calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium

Question 12

macronutrient component of bone

Answer 12

protein collagen!!!!!!

Question 13

most abundant mineral in the human body

Answer 13

calcium

Question 14

where the majority of calcium is found within the body

Answer 14

bone and teeth (structural and reservoir)

Question 15

where the 1% of calcium found in

Answer 15

found in body cells and tissues (muscle contraction and relaxation)

Question 16

what releases after calcium levels fall? What it results om

Answer 16

parathyroid hormone (PTH) releases from parathyroid gland stimulating the production of the active form of vitamin D, increasing the absorption in the intestines

Question 17

osteoporosis
osteopenia

Answer 17

decrease in bone mineral density

Question 18

main function of magnesium

Answer 18

cofactor in more than 300 chemical reactions

Question 19

T or F: approx. 50% of americans are magnesium deficient

Answer 19

True

Question 20

functions of phosphorus

Answer 20

Component of bone and cartilage, phospholipids, DNA, and RNA
Involved in energy metabolism

Question 21

where is sulfur present in amino acids

Answer 21

cysteine and methionine

Question 22

define electrolytes

Answer 22

electrically charged minerals (ions) dissolved in bodily fluids

Question 23

sodium, potassium and chloride helps with

Answer 23

maintaining fluid balance
transmit nerve impulses (!!action potential)
muscle contraction
transport nutrients

Question 24

percentage distribution of bodily fluids

Answer 24

67% intracellular (2/3) interstitial fluid 23% blood fluid 8%

Question 25

major ion in the extracellular fluid

Answer 25

sodium

Question 26

what is the name of increase sodium in the blood (value)

Answer 26

hypertension (130/80mmHg)

Question 27

what is the limit for sodium consumption

Answer 27

2300 mg/day

Question 28

DASH diet -name -sodium intake -what is it for

Answer 28

dietary approaches to stop hypertension 1500mg/day decrease risk of hypertension

Question 29

what is the primary electrolyte within the cell

Answer 29

Potassium

Question 30

function of potassium

Answer 30

regulates fluid balance and maintain electrical activity of the heart

Question 31

where is chloride primarily located

Answer 31

extracellular fluid

Question 32

what organ/tissue is primarily composed of water (around 75%)

Answer 32

muscle (skeletal and cardiac)

Question 33

function of water

Answer 33

regulates body temperature (thermohomeostasis)

Question 34

where is the majority of body water located

Answer 34

2/3 is intracellular 1/3 extracellular

Question 35

what is water balance refers to

Answer 35

water loss and water intake

Question 36

where does the citric acid cycle occurs

Answer 36

mitochondrial

Question 37

where does glycolysis takes place

Answer 37

cytosol

Question 38

differentiate oxidation from reduction

Answer 38

oxidation is the donation/loss of electrons while reduction is the acceptance/gain of electrons

Question 39

what is the precursor of NAD+ and FADH2

Answer 39

NAD+ is niacin and FADH2 is riboflavin (both from vitamin B)

Question 40

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