Chapter 9 Slides - Dobson

Question 1

What are the leading causes of death in developed countries?

Answer 1

Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease

Question 2

Postnatally, what are the 3 conditions that are preventable that cause deaths in children under 5 y/o?

Answer 2

Pneumonia
Diarrheal diseases
Malaria

Question 3

Xenobiotics are metabolized by what?

Cause what?

Answer 3

Cytochrome P-450 system

cell injury -> ROS

Question 4

What are the inducers of CYP?

Answer 4

SHADE

Smoking
Hormones
Alcohol
Drugs
Environmental chemicals

Question 5

What decreases CYP activity?

Answer 5

Fasting and starvation

Question 6

What classic morphology is associated with CO poisoning?

Answer 6

Cherry red discoloration

Question 7

Lead effects lead to what toxicities?

Answer 7

Hematologic
Skeletal
Neurologic
gi
Renal

Question 8

What metabolism does lead interfere with?

Answer 8

Calcium

Question 9

Lead is associated with what kind of anemia?

Answer 9

Microcytic, hypochromic

Question 10

What blood and bone marrow changes are present in lead poisoning?

Answer 10

Ring sideroblasts -> red cell precursors with iron-laden mitochondria, detected with Prussian blue stain

Question 11

What kind of damage is associated with children in lead poisoning?

Adults?

Answer 11

Brain damage

Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy

Question 12

What kind of histological features are characteristic of lead poisoning?

Answer 12

Basophilic stippling

Question 13

Mercury mostly affects what organs?

Answer 13

CNS

Kidney

Question 14

Arsenic affects what organs most commonly?

Answer 14

Gi tract
Nervous system
Skin
Heart

Question 15

Cadmium is toxic to what systems?

Due to increased what?

Answer 15

Kidneys and lungs

ROS

Question 16

High alcohol [ ]’s inhibit metabolisms of what other compounds?

Answer 16

Cytochrome P-450 system

Question 17

Increases in what is associated with elevated lactic acid levels and steatosis?

Low what?

Answer 17

NADH

NAD

Question 18

What kind of burns involve injury to the dermis?

Answer 18

Partial thickness (2nd degree)

Question 19

What kind of burns extend to the subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 19

Full-thickness (3rd degree)

Question 20

Which type of burn is confined to the epidermis?

Answer 20

Superficial (1st degree)

Question 21

What burn involves muscle tissue?

Answer 21

Full thickness (4th degree)

Question 22

What kind of injury is commonly associated with radiation?

Answer 22

Vascular injury with sub intimal fibrosis occluding the lumen

Question 23

What are the major functions of Vitamin A?

Answer 23

Maintenance of normal vision
Regulation of cell growth and differentiation
Regulation of lipid metabolism

Question 24

Vit A deficiency causes what?

Especially in what countries?

Answer 24

Blindness in children

Africa and South-East Asia

Question 25

What is the characteristic morphology of Vitamin D deficiency?

Answer 25

Rachitic rosary

Question 26

Vitamin C deficiency causes what?

Answer 26

Inadequate synthesis of osteoid
Impaired wound healing
Mucosal bleeding (gums), joints

Question 27

Iron deficiency has what kind of anemia?

Answer 27

Hypochromic, Microcytic

Question 28

What BMI associated with overweight?

Obese?

Underweight?

Answer 28

25-29.9

30 or more

Less than 18.5

Question 29

Obese people generally have what?

Leading to increases risk of what?

Answer 29

Hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL

CAD

Question 30

What is 6 times more likely in obese people than lean people, especially women?

Answer 30

Gallstones

Question 31

Obesity causes what kind of cancer in women?

Due to what?

Answer 31

Uterine and breast

Increased estrogen synthesis

Question 32

What cancers are associated with nitrosamines and nitrosamides?

Answer 32

Stomach and bladder

Question 33

What is the single leading global cause of health loss?

Answer 33

Under nutrition