Chapter 9 Study Guide

Question 1

Cellular Respiration is

Answer 1

The process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen.

Question 2

Where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 2

In the Cytoplasm

Question 3

Where do the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport take place?

Answer 3

In the Mitochondria

Question 4

During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into how many molecules of pyruvic acid?

Answer 4

2

Question 5

Calorie

Answer 5

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 celsius degree.

Question 6

Glycolysis

Answer 6

A pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate. Glycolysis releases only a small amount of energy.

Question 7

What accepts a pair of high-energy electrons and holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules?

Answer 7

NADH

Question 8

Fermentation

Answer 8

It releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.

Question 9

Anaerobic

Answer 9

Not air. Fermentation is anaerobic.

Question 10

Aerobic

Answer 10

Anything that requires oxygen.

Question 11

Krebs Cycle

Answer 11

The second stage of cellular respiration. During this pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Question 12

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 12

High-energy electrons are passed to the electron transport chain which uses those electrons to convert ADP into ATP.

Question 13

Glycolysis is the process by which…

Answer 13

One molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a 3-carbon compound.

Question 14

Because glycolysis does not require oxygen, what does it do?

Answer 14

Supplies chemical energy to cells when oxygen is not available.

Question 15

The two main types of fermentation are…

Answer 15

Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

Question 16

In the absence of oxygen; yeast, and a few other microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation to form what?

Answer 16

Ethyl alcohol and CO2 as wastes.

Question 17

Animals cannot perform alcoholic fermentation but some cells, such as human muscle cells, can convert glucose into lactic acid. What is this called?

Answer 17

Lactic acid fermentation.

Question 18

During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of what?

Answer 18

Energy-extracting reactions.

Question 19

The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert what into what?

Answer 19

ADP into ATP

Question 20

The products of photosynthesis are similar to…

Answer 20

The reactants of cellular respiration.

Question 21

Describe the process of cellular respiration.

Answer 21

The process releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen. There are three main steps of cellular respiration; glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 22

What are the products of glycolysis?

Answer 22

4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP), 2 Pyruvic acid, and 2 NADH.

Question 23

What does Alcoholic Fermentation give off that Lactic Acid Fermentation does not?

Answer 23

Carbon Dioxide

Question 24

During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make carbon dioxide and…

Answer 24

NADH, ATP, and FADH2.

Question 25

The complete breakdown of glucose through cellular respiration, including glycolysis, results in the production of how many molecules of ATP.

Answer 25

36

Question 26

Why is cellular respiration considered to be much more efficient than glycolysis alone?

Answer 26

Cellular Respiration enables the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule

Question 27

What is photosynthesis?

Answer 27

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose.

Question 28

In cells, the energy available in food is used to make an energy-rich compound called...

Answer 28

ATP

Question 29

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration?

Answer 29

Oxygen and Glucose

Question 30

Does Cellular Respiration include glycolysis?

Answer 30

Yes

Question 31

What are the steps of fermentation?

Answer 31

1. Glucose produces 2 pyruvate molecules. 2. Each pyruvate releases carbon dioxide to produce acetaldehyde. 3. Acetaldehyde takes the hydrogen ions from NADH, producing ethanol and converting NADH to NAD+.

Question 32

What is this the formula for? C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O

Answer 32

Cellular Respiration

Question 33

What molecule is regenerated by fermentation?

Answer 33

NAD+

Question 34

In the absence of oxygen, what is pyruvic acid converted into?

Answer 34

Lactic Acid

Question 35

H+ ions must pass through what enzyme in order to escape the intermembrane space?

Answer 35

ATP Synthase