Chapter 11 Study Guide Flashcards
(39 cards)
An allele is
Different forms of a gene
If a homozygous tall and homozygous short are crossed what happens?
The recessive trait disappears.
What is a Punnett Square used for?
To determine the actual outcome of a cross of genes.
Homozygous
Organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Heterozygous
Organisms that have different alleles for a particular trait.
Phenotype
The physical characteristics of an organism
Genotype
Aa, AA, aa
Codominance
A situation in which a gene has more than two alleles.
What does meiosis result in the formation of?
Four haploid gamete cells
What does mitosis result in the formation of?
Two genetically identical daughter cells
What happens when gametes are produced by meiosis?
The chromosome number of an organism is maintained.
The relative locations of genes on a chromosome are shown on what?
Gene Map
During meiosis, what halves?
The chromosome number
What happens during Telophase 1?
The chromosome number is reduced.
What is incomplete dominance?
When neither trait is truly dominant over the other. When a redhead and a brunette have blonde children, that is complete dominance.
What is used to construct a gene map?
Recombination rate
What happens during meiosis 1?
Alles for the same trait are separated from each other.
In males, meiosis results in four equal-sized gametes called…?
Sperm
In females, only one large what results from meiosis?
Egg
What three cells are usually not included in reproduction?
Polar Bodies
Cells undergo a round of DNA replication, forming duplicate chromosomes in what phase…?
Interphase 1
What happens during Prophase 1?
Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homozygous chromosome to form a tetrad.
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes in..?
Metaphase 1
The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell in..?
Anaphase 1
