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ITP > CHAPTER 9: The Voyage through the Life Span > Flashcards

CHAPTER 9: The Voyage through the Life Span Flashcards

1
Q

Main stages of prenatal development

A
  • Germinal
  • Embryonic
  • Fetal
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2
Q

The formation of the zygote which undergoes multiple cell divisions, and implants into the uterine wall.

A

Germinal

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3
Q

Occurs on the third to the eighth week after conception. Major organs and systems of the body begin to develop.

A

Embryonic

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4
Q

Occurs in the ninth week and continuing until birth. Involves the maturation and growth of existing structures.

A

Fetal

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5
Q

The fertilized ovum or egg cell

A

Zygote

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6
Q

The protective sac that contains the embryo

A

Amniotic Sac

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7
Q

A membrane that serves as a filter for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and child.

A

Placenta

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8
Q

A tube that connects the developing fetus to the placenta in the womb

A

Umbilical Cord

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9
Q

An involuntary movement in response to stimulation. Withdrawal reflex where in it is a reflex to avoid painful stimuli

A

Reflexes

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10
Q

Infants’ _____ development progresses in a systematic manner; with reflexive to more complex motor skills.

A

Motor Development

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11
Q

Where children start learning things, understanding, and interpreting what they say.

A

Perceptual Development

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12
Q

The assimilation and accommodation helps with the process of learning, it is a fundamental concept that highlights the importance of helping children adapt to new information.

A

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

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13
Q

The stages of Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory

A
  • Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs old)
  • Preoperational Stage (2-7 yrs old)
  • Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 yrs old)
  • Formal Operational Stage (11 and above)
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14
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
- Infants use their senses and motor skills to think. They start to develop object permanence.

A

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs old)

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15
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
- Children start to adapt more to using language and symbols. Thinking is still egocentric and lacks logical reasoning.

A

Preoperational Stage (2-7 yrs old)

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16
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
- Starting to think more logically and organize their thinking comprehension. Capable of considering multiple perspectives.

A

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 yrs old)

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17
Q

Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory
- The fourth and final stage where the child can reason and comprehend not only tangible objects and events but also hypothetical and abstract ones.

A

Formal Operational Stage (11 and above)

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18
Q

Focuses on the transmission of information and cognitive skills from generation to generation

A

Lev Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory

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19
Q

The range of tasks that a child can carry out with the help of someone who is more skilled.

A

The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

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20
Q

Temporary cognitive structures or methods of problem-solving that assist the child as they learn to function independently.

A

Scaffolding

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21
Q

3 aspects of Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development

A
  • Preconventional
  • Conventional
  • Postconventional
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22
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
- Children at this level base their moral judgments on the consequences of behavior.

A

Preconventional

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23
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
- Right and wrong are judged by conformity to conventional standards of right & wrong.

A

Conventional

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24
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
- Focuses on dilemmas in which individual needs are pitted against the need to maintain the social order and on personal conscience.

A

Postconventional

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25
Q

The stages in Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development

A
  • Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 18 months)
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-2 years old)
  • Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years old)
  • Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 yrs old)
  • Identity vs. Confusion (12-18 yrs old)
  • Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40 yrs old)
  • Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65 yrs old)
  • Integrity vs. Despair (65 yrs old-Death)
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26
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Infants who receive nurturing and care come to trust their environment, and those who are neglected develop mistrust.

A

Trust vs. Mistrust (Birth to 18 months)

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27
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Toddlers start to establish and grow a sense of autonomy at this age.

A

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1-2 years old)

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28
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Children start to exert their power and authority.

A

Initiative vs. Guilt (3-5 years old)

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29
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Children are driven to acquire competence and learn new skills.

A

Industry vs. Inferiority (6-11 yrs old)

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30
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Their behavior and development will be influenced by their sense of self

A

Identity vs. Confusion (12-18 yrs old)

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31
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Young adults tend to focus on developing intimate and meaningful connections with other people.

A

Intimacy vs. Isolation (19-40 yrs old)

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32
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Adults in their middle years prioritize giving back to society and next generation

A

Generativity vs. Stagnation (40-65 yrs old)

33
Q

Erik Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
- Consider their experiences and life decisions when they reach the end of their lives.

A

Integrity vs. Despair (65 yrs old-Death)

34
Q

the enduring affectional tie that binds one person to another

A

Attachment

35
Q

Patterns of attachment

A
  • Secure Attachment
  • Avoidant Attachment
  • Ambivalent or Resistant
36
Q

Patterns of attachment
- Securely attached infants mildly protest their mother’s departure

A

Secure Attachment

37
Q

Patterns of attachment
- They are least distressed by their mother’s departure.

A

Avoidant Attachment

38
Q

Patterns of attachment
- Are the most emotional

A

Ambivalent/Resistant

39
Q

Phases of attachment

A
  • Initial- Pre Attachment
  • Attachment-in-the-Making
  • Clear-cut Attachment
40
Q

Phases of attachment
- Infants are inherently sociable and seek out to people near to them

A

Initial-Pre Attachment

40
Q

Phases of attachment
- They begin to distinguish between various caregivers and adjust accordingly

A

Attachment in the Making

41
Q

Phases of attachment
- They develop a close attachment to the caregiver and look for them for safety and comfort.

A

Clear-cut Attachment

42
Q

Parenting Styles

A
  • Authoritative
  • Authoritarian
  • Permissive
  • Uninvolved
43
Q

Parents are strict and restrictive and demand mature behavior from their children

A

Authoritative

44
Q

Rely on force on their children

A

Authoritarian

45
Q

Easy-going and they allow the children to do what they want

A

Permissive

46
Q

Parents tend to leave their children on their own.

A

Uninvolved

47
Q

the period of life bounded by puberty and the assumption of adult responsibilities

A

Adolescence

48
Q

the period of physical development during which sexual reproduction first becomes possible

A

Puberty

49
Q

Characteristics that distinguish females from males, such as distribution of body hair and depth of voice, but that are not directly involved in reproduction

A

Secondary Sex Characteristics

50
Q

the beginning of menstruation

A

Menarche

51
Q

Rapid increase in height and weight during adolescence

A

Growth Spurt

52
Q

The female sex hormone that encourages that encourages the growth of breast tissue, hips, and buttocks

A

Estrogen

53
Q

Produced by adrenal glands along with estrogen, prompting the growth of body hair.

A

Androgen

54
Q

Stages in Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development

A
  • Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs old)
  • Preoperational Stage (2-7 yrs old)
  • Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 yrs old)
  • Formal Operational Stage (11 and above)
55
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Characterized by the coordination of sensory information and motor activity, early exploration of the environment and lack of language

A

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 yrs old)

56
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Characterized by illogical use of words and symbols, spotty logic, and egocentric

A

Preoperational Stage (2-7 yrs old)

57
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Characterized by logical thought concerning tangible objects, conservation, and subjective morality

A

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 yrs old)

58
Q

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development
- Include the capacity for classification, logical thinking, and the ability to hypothesize.

A

Formal Operational Stage (11 and above)

59
Q

Refers to the belief that others are as concerned with our thoughts and behavior as we are

A

Imaginary Audience

60
Q

A cognitive belief held by adolescents. Involves the conviction that their own feelings are not just memorable but even unique

A

Personal Fable

61
Q

Moral reasoning is rooted in the individual’s own moral standards

A

Postconventional Level

62
Q

Period where someone is making crucial choices in life

A

Age of Identity Exploration

63
Q

Period of uncertainty and change

A

Age of Instability

64
Q

Period where someone’s gaining more freedom and independence

A

Age of Self-focus

65
Q

Period where you’re navigating “real” adulthood

A

Age of Feeling In-Between

66
Q

Having a positive outlook on life

A

Age of Possibilities

67
Q

20-40 years old period; during this stage individuals often reach their maximum height, strength, and reproductive capability.

A

Early Adulthood

68
Q

40-65 years old period; stage of life characterized by stability and steady growth in various aspects

A

Middle Adulthood

69
Q

65 and beyond; stage of life characterized by continued physical, sensory, and cognitive changes.

A

Late Adulthood

70
Q

The ability to use knowledge, experience, and learned skills. Involves the application of acquired knowledge and experiences to solve problems and make decisions.

A

Crystallized Intelligence

71
Q

The capacity to reason and logic to overcome recently encountered situations. The antithesis of crystallized intelligence.

A

Fluid Intelligence

72
Q

The anguish and other complex feelings that parents frequently go through when their kids move out.

A

Empty Nest Syndrome

73
Q

Middle-aged people who feel compelled to care for their developing children as well as their elderly parents.

A

Sandwich Generation

74
Q

Strategy for improving the health and happiness of the elderly and a guide for aging well.

A

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)

75
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)
- Involves delineating goals as a range of possible developmental outcomes and committing to a subset of these goals.

A

Selection

76
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)
- Entails acquiring and investing resources to maximize goal-related gains and chances for success.

A

Optimization

77
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation (SOC)
- Managing losses in resources or by adjusting resource investment

A

Compensation

ITP (13 decks)

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