chapter eight + ten

Question 1

metabolism

Answer 1

chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy, interactions between molecules

Question 2

anabolic pathways

Answer 2

consume energy to build larger molecules, uphill

Question 3

catabolic pathways

Answer 3

release energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler pieces, downhill

Question 4

bioenergetics

Answer 4

the study of the flow of energy in living organisms

Question 5

energy

Answer 5

cause change and do work

Question 6

if delta G is greater than 0, then ?

Answer 6

products have more energy than reactants

Question 7

if delta G is less than 0, then ?

Answer 7

reactants have more energy than products

Question 8

exergonic reaction

Answer 8

energy released, spontaneous, delta G is negative

Question 9

what is an example of an exergonic reaction?

Answer 9

cellular respiration; breaking down sugar and release energy

Question 10

endergonic reaction

Answer 10

energy required, nonspontaneous, delta G is positive

Question 11

what is an example of an endergonic reaction?

Answer 11

photosynthesis; building sugar and storing energy

Question 12

autotrophs

Answer 12

make their energy themselves

Question 13

example of autotrophs?

Answer 13

plants, algae, bacteria

Question 14

photoautotrophs

Answer 14

use sunlight

Question 15

chemoautotrophs

Answer 15

other chemical reactions that use chemicals to make sugar

Question 16

heterotrophs

Answer 16

need to consume energy

Question 17

chloroplast

Answer 17

in the mesophyll layers near the surface of the leaf

Question 18

cuticle

Answer 18

waxy surface coating

Question 19

mesophyll

Answer 19

two layers that go through photosynthesis

Question 20

stomata

Answer 20

openings on the bottom side of the leaf that let gases diffuse in and out

Question 21

vascular bundle

Answer 21

veins that bring in water and nutrients and dispose waste

Question 22

thylakoid membrane

Answer 22

where photosynthesis reactions take place

Question 23

stroma

Answer 23

space outside thylakoid but within chloroplasts

Question 24

OIL

Answer 24

oxidation is losing electrons and H+

Question 25

RIG

Answer 25

reduction is gaining electrons and H+

Question 26

light reactions

Answer 26

take in sunlight, use water and produce O2

Question 27

calvin cycle

Answer 27

uses CO2x, ATP and NADPH from light reactions to make sugar

Question 28

black light

Answer 28

absorbs all colors and reflects none

Question 29

white light

Answer 29

reflects all colors and absorbs none

Question 30

green light

Answer 30

reflects green and absorbs all other colors

Question 31

step one: photosystem ii

Answer 31

light is absorbed and H2O is broken up

Question 32

step two: photosystem i

Answer 32

light is absorbed and reexcites the electrons that travel to it from pii

Question 33

non cyclic electron flow

Answer 33

not solo, photosystem 1 and 2 working together

Question 34

cyclic electron flow

Answer 34

solo, photosystem 1 working independently to pump protons

Question 35

photorespiration

Answer 35

light and O2 instead of CO2 in the calvin cycle; rubisco works with whichever is more prevelant, *occurs when co2 levels are low and o2 are high*

Question 36

C4 plants

Answer 36

live in areas that can be dry at times and go through droughts, stomata is partially closed to prevent water loss, limits gas exchange

Question 37

CAM plants

Answer 37

highly modified for extremely hot/dry areas, completely close stomata during the day and only open at night, ex: cacti, pineapple

Question 38

activation energy

Answer 38

energy needed to start a reaction

Question 39

transition state

Answer 39

the point where the reactants bonds are unstable and about to be broken

Question 40

visible spectrum

Answer 40

white light splits up into all the colors of a rainbow

Question 41

chemiosmosis

Answer 41

flow of electrons with the gradient to make ATP

Question 42

mesophyll cells

Answer 42

pepcarbox fires co2 - no calvin cycle

Question 43

bundle sheath cells

Answer 43

rubisco fires co2 - calvin cycle