chapter five Flashcards
(45 cards)
The French and Indian War - causes and results (5 of them)
-France and Britain both wanted control over the Ohio River Valley
-The colonists fought alongside the British to win the war
-Many Native American tribes joined France
-the results were:
•France loses North American possessions
•Britain is left in debt
•Colonists develop a sense of unity
•Colonists begin to settle in Ohio River Valley
•Native Americans resisted their settlement
Cede
Surrender
Militia
A force of civilians trained as soldiers, but not a part of the regular army.
George Washington
- young member of the militia
- began his service as a land surveyor
- hoped to join the British army
- became commander of continental army in 1775
Defeat of General Braddock
- he wasn’t used to fighting in North America
- led his troops through dense forests with their bright red uniforms, making them a perfect target for ambushers
- ignored several warnings from colonial soldiers and even Benjamin Franklin
- went through with his plan at the cost of many lives including his own
- they were ambushed near Fort Duquesne
Duty
An import tax.
Minutemen
Citizen soldiers who could be ready to fight at a minute’s notice.
Pontiac’s War - what happened and why? what were the results?
- Pontiac, the leader of the Ottowa Nation, formed an alliance with other western Native Americans
- in May 1763, he and his allies attacked British forts and settlements
- in response, the British many Native Americans who had not attacked them
- British defeated Pontiac’s forces in August near Fort Pitt
- the war had ended by 1764
Blockade
Shutting off a port by ships to keep people or supplies from moving in or out.
Allience
An agreement between nations or groups to help each other against other nations or groups.
Albany Congress/Albany Plan of Union
- meeting of colonial leaders in Albany, New York
- Benjamin Franklin thought the colonies should band together as one to fight against the French
Battle of Quebec
- the French lost
- they were no longer able to defend themselves
- France was forced to cede
- lost lots of their North American land
- huge turning point for the British
Repeal
An official end.
Samuel Adams
- cousin of John Adams
- established committees of correspondence
Paul Revere, William Dawes, + Samuel Prescott
- warned malitia near Lexington and Concord about the upcoming arrival of the British troops
- Prescott was the only one successful in getting the message out
- Dawes and Revere were captured
Patrick Henry
- roared “Give me liberty or give me death!” in response to the stamp act
- he was later charged with treason
Sons of Liberty
- secret society formed to protect the rights of the colonists
- took part in many events and protests such as the Boston Tea Party
Mercenary
Soldiers who serve another country for money.
John Adams
- well known Massachusetts lawyer
- defended the British soldiers charged with murder after the Boston Massacre
Proclamation of 1763
- Britain wanted to avoid future wars with Native Americans
- banned colonial settlement west of a line drawn along the Application Mountains
- angered many colonists who believed they had the right to reside wherever they wanted
- widely ignored and proved impossible for the British to enforce
Boycott
An organized campaign to refuse to buy certain products.
2nd Continental Congress
-2nd meeting of the original Continental Congress
-they began to act like a government by
•agreeing that they needed to prepare for war
•choosing leader of continental army (George Washington)
•printing paper money to pay for the army
Boston Massacre
- angry crowd of workers and sailers surrounded a small group of British soldiers
- threw rocks and snowballs at the soldiers
- frightened soldiers shot at the colonists wounding five and killing six
Battle of Bunker Hill
- actually took place on Breed’s Hill
- British were led by William Howe
- first and second British attacks failed
- third British attack only succeeded because the colonists ran out of ammunition
- the British won, but lost twice as many men as the Americans did
- Americans had proven that they could fight and stand up to British troops
- Howe later becomes obsessed with George Washington