Flashcards in chapter six Deck (33):
1
Thomas Jefferson
-he wrote declaration of independance
-young lawyer
2
John Locke
-came up with the idea of Natural Rights
3
John Hancock
-he was the first person to sign the declaration of independence
-signed it on July 4, 1776
4
Nathan Hale
-Connecticut officer who volunteered for dangerous spy duty
-his mission was to collect information about British battle plans on Long Island
-he was caught behind British lines and was charged with treason
-he was hanged the next morning
-his last words were: "My only regret is that I have but one life to lose for my country."
5
Mary Ludwig Hayes
-she was a Molly Pitcher (she carried water out to the soldiers fighting in the war)
-her husband was wounded in battle, so she took his place manning a cannon at great personal risk
6
Marquis de Lafayette
-he was a french noble
-he became a high ranking officer in Washington's army
-he became close friends with Washington
-when wounded in battle, Washington told the surgeon to "Treat him as if he were my son."
7
Baron Friedrich Von Steuben
-he was a German baron who helped train the continental army
-he had served in the Prussian army (which was considered the best in Europe)
-before he arrived, troops were poorly trained and disciplined
-he taught them how to march and improve their aim
-one of the most valuable things he taught them was how to attack with bayonets
8
John Paul Jones
-he was a privateer
-he commanded Bonhomme Richard which fought side by side with British warship, Serapis
-he refused to give up even though his ship was in tatters
-"I have not yet begun to fight!"
-captain of Serapis surrenders after many people have died on both ships
9
George Rogers Clark
-he was sent to defend attacks on the frontier
-his forces easily captured Kaskaskia and Cahokia
-after a hard journey, his troops caught the British by surprise with a midwinter attack on the fort at Vincennes
-the British and their Native American allies surrendered
-his victories allowed settlers to remain on the frontier, and strengthened their claim on the Ohio River Valley
10
Francis Marion
-he led his men silently through the swamps
-his troops attacked without warning then hastily escaped back into the swamp
-his guerrilla attacks were so effective he earned the title, 'Swamp Fox'
11
Deborah Sampson
-she joined the army disguised as a man
-when wounded in battle, she cared for herself to keep her identity hidden
12
Lord Charles Cornwallis
-carried the war into North Carolina
-fought in battle of Yorktown
-surrendered in Yorktown
13
King George III
-king of England during the Revolutionary war
-he was a very selfish a rude ruler
-he was called a "royal brute" by Thomas Paine
-he wanted to continue to fight in Yorktown
14
George Washington
-general of the Continental army
-used knowledge to win wars
-lead his army from hardship to victory
-planned to retire to his plantation after the war
15
Thomas Paine
-colonial author
-wrote persuasive pamphlets such as 'Common Sense' and 'The Crisis'
-'Common Sense' was written to convince colonists to side with the Patriots
-'The Crisis' was written to urge Americans to support the Continental army
-Washington had the crisis read to his troops
16
Benjamin Franklin
-member of the American delegation
-part of continental congress
-proof read declaration of independence
-went to France for something that Mrs. K mentioned in class that I can't remember
17
Benedict Arnold
-fought bravely for the patriots
-married loyalist woman
-thought that congress undervalued him
-plotted to turn West Point over to the British
-this was a key fort on the Hudson River in New York
-managed to escape after his plan was discovered
18
Alliance
a formal agreement between two powers to work together toward a common goal
19
Hessian Mercenaries
-mercenaries from Hesse, Germany
-very tough soldiers
20
Traitor
a person who betrays his or her country or cause and helps the other side
21
Mercenaries
soldiers who are paid to fight for a country other than their own
22
Patriot
a colonist who favored independence and was willing to fight for it
23
Lobster Back
a derogatory term for a British soldier
24
Unalienable Rights
rights that cannot be taken away or denied
25
Guerrillas
fighters who work in small bands to make hit and run attacks
26
Pivateers
armed civilian ships that had their government's permission to attack enemy ships and keep their goods (basically pirates, though privateers actually had permission)
27
Cavalry
units of troops on horseback
28
Declaration of Independance
-written by Thomas Jefferson
-contained a preamble and three main sections:
•explanation of natural rights
~"All men are created equal."
~everyone is "endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights."
~[explanation of natural rights]
•list of grievances
~accuses king of...
ignoring rights English citizens have been enjoying since the Magna Carta
"depriving us, in many cases, of trial by jury."
"imposing taxes on us without our consent."
~declares King George "unfit to be the ruler of a free people."
•bond dissolving
~colonies are "free and independent states... and that all political connection between them and Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."
-serious tone shows that, to the patriots, declaring independence was a serious and deeply felt step
-signed July 4, 1776 by John Hancock
29
Battle of Saratoga
-6,000 soldiers surrounded the village of Saratoga
-Americans won
-major turning point of the war
-lifted patriot spirits
-this solved "the crisis"
-convinced Europeans that the colonists had a chance of winning
30
Valley Forge
-the Continental army suffered through a terrible winter at the camp
-the 11,000 soldiers were not sufficiently fed, clothed, or housed
-women collected food, medicine, and ammunition after hearing about the conditions at the camp
-the Continental army used that winter to gather strength for the battles ahead
31
Battle of Yorktown
-the last major battle in the Revolutionary war
-Cornwallis sent his main troops away to the British fleet
-French ships chased British fleet away
-French and American troops barred escape by land
-General Cornwallis surrendered after three weeks
32
Treaty of Paris
-American delegation included Benjamin Franklin and John Adams
-peace talks began in Paris in 1782
-British were eager for peace, so the Americans got most of what they wanted
•United States was recognized as an independent country
•land taken from loyalists must be returned (recommended earnestly)
•Florida should be returned to Spain
•boundaries were set: the Atlantic on the east, Canada on the north, the Mississippi on the west, and Florida on the south
-approved by congress in 1783, almost exactly eight years after "the shot heard 'round the world"
-ended Revolutionary war
33