Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 121 > Chapter Five: Thermochemistry > Flashcards

Chapter Five: Thermochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the study of energy and its transformations among potential energy, heat and work?

A

Thermodynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the relationship between chemical reactions and energy changes?

A

Thermochemistry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

W = what times what

A

F x d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Work is done when a gas __________ against an opposing pressure

A

expands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Work is done by a force acting in a given direction. In lifting a weight, the energy is stored as gravitational….

A

Potential energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is the part of the universe that we are studying. Define as a certain amount of matter, or a certain region of space

A

The System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The matter or space that lies outside the system. Usually only that matter, or space, that is affected by the system

A

The surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of system?
- both matter and heat can flow in or out

A

Open System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What kind of system?
- heat can flow in or out, but not matter

A

Closed System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What kind of system?
- neither heat or matter can flow in or out

A

Isolated System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The universe = what plus what

A

system + surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Energy transferred as heat can either (1) increase the ___________ or (2) change the _________ of a substance (solid,liquid,gas)

A

Temperature
Phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The measure of the speed at which atoms or molecules are moving, heat is a measure of the Kinetic Energy that is transferred

A

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most chemical reactions is mainly associated with what kind of energy?

A

Potential Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A system possesses its potential energy by virtue of its position, configuration, or chemical…

A

composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

energy due to mass in motion

A

Kinetic Energy

17
Q

Energy can be (1) transformed (from PE to KE), and (2) transferred (from one object to another) but (3) is neither…

A

created nor destroyed

18
Q

What is this?
- when energy is transferred to the spring, and stores as potential energy
- ∆V = -
- W = -P∆V
- ∆E = +

A

Compression

19
Q

What is this?
Energy is transferred to the ball as Kinetic Energy
- ∆V = +
- W = -P∆V
- ∆E = -

A

Expansion

20
Q

What is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1.00 g of a substance by 1.00 degrees celsius?

A

Specific Heat (Cs)

21
Q
  • Heat transferred to the system
  • The surroundings get colder
  • Work is done on system by the surrounding
  • Everything is positive
    Is this a deposit or withdrawal?
A

Deposit - compression

22
Q
  • Heat transferred to the system
  • The surroundings get hotter
  • Work done by the system on surroundings
  • Everything is negative
    Is this a deposit or a withdrawal?
A

Withdrawal - expansion

23
Q

What kind of function?
- If the system undergoes a ∆, the ∆ in the property can be determined as long as you know the initial and final states

A

State functions

24
Q

What kind of function?
- If the system undergoes a ∆, the ∆ in the property cannot be determined by knowing the initial and final states. In this case, one must also know the exact pathway of change

A

Path Funcitons

25
Q

What property?
- a property that depends on the amount of sample you consider
- Mass
- Volume

A

Extensive Property

26
Q

What property?
- a property that does not depend on the amount of sample you consider
- density
- temperature

A

Intensive Property

27
Q

The heat transferred in a process that occurs at _____________ _____________ is also a state function. It is called the change in enthalpy and symbolized by ∆H

A

Constant Pressure

28
Q

Change in enthalpy is symbolized by…

A

∆H

29
Q

The _____________ of ______________ or the heat of reaction is the energy released as heat when a reaction is done in an open container (at constant atmospheric pressure)
∆H reaction

A

enthalpy of reaction

30
Q

When ∆H is positive, heat goes from the surroundings to the system. Is this endothermic or exothermic?

A

Endothermic

31
Q

When ∆H is negative. Heat goes from the system to the surroundings. Is this endothermic or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

32
Q

Every reaction can be thought of as occurring in what two steps?

A
  1. take the reactants apart to form elements
  2. reform the elements into products
33
Q

Enthalpy Facts:
1. ∆H rxn depends on the (a) ___________ state of the products and (b) the ______________

A

physical
reactants

34
Q

Enthalpy Facts:
2. Enthalpy, is an ____________ property (If I burn twice the amount of wood, I get twice the heat)

A

extensive

35
Q

Enthalpy Facts:
3. ∆H rxn in the forward direction is equal in size but opposite in…

A

sign

36
Q

Enthalpy Facts: Hess’ Law
4. Because enthalpy is a state function, ∆H rxn that happens in two or more steps can be found by __________ ∆H’s for each of those reaction steps

A

adding

Chemistry 121 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions