Chapter four:

Question 1

What are considered Nucleic acids?

Answer 1

DNA and RNA

Question 2

What nucleotide is used to make DNA and RNA?

sugars

Answer 2

Ribose

Deoxyribose

Question 3

What is the difference between Deoxyribose and Ribose?

Answer 3

The second carbon of ribose is bonded to a hydroxide and the second carbon or deoxyribose is bonded to a hydrogen

Question 4

What is a nucleotide?

Answer 4

a phosphate group bonded to a 5-carbon sugar.

The five carbon sugar is bonded to a nitrogenous base.

Question 5

What are the different types of Nitrogenous bases?

Answer 5

pyrimidines- composed of a single hydro-carbon ring

Purines- double hydrocarbon ring

Question 6

What of the nitrogenous bases is found in both DNA and RNA?

Answer 6

Cytosine, Guanine, Adenine

Question 7

What of the nitrogenous bases is found only in RNA?

Answer 7

uracil

Question 8

What of the nitrogenous bases is found only in DNA?

Answer 8

Thymine

Question 9

What nucleotides are Pyrimidines?

Answer 9

Cytosine, uracil, Thymine

Question 10

What nucleotides are Purines?

Answer 10

Guanine, Adenine

Question 11

What is the ribose problem?

Answer 11

In experiments where the controlled setting is the pre-biotic earth, it is very difficult to get ribose’s to from

Question 12

What is the pyrimidine problem?

Answer 12

n experiments where the controlled setting is the pre-biotic earth, it is very difficult to get pyrimidine’s to form, but is very easy to get purines to form.

Question 13

T/f Nucleic acids are monomers of nucleotides?

Answer 13

F, they are polymers

Question 14

How do nucleic acids form?

Answer 14

Condensation reactions: When a hydroxide on prime phosphate group forms a bond with the hydroxide on the previous chain of 3 prime carbons.

Question 15

What is the result of the condensation reaction to form nucleotides?

Answer 15

phosphodiester linkage

Question 16

What form of energy makes phosphodiester bonds?

Answer 16

The nucleotide that is about to be added: The energy comes from its activated form. Energy is released when the tri-phosphate bond is broken

Question 17

What is Gel Electrophoresis?

Answer 17

allows for the separation and study of nucleic acids

Question 18

Who was key in the discovery of the structure of DNA?

Answer 18

Francis Crik, James Watson, Maurice Wilkins, Rosalind Fraklin, Edwin Chargaff

Question 19

What is DNA’s primary structure?

Answer 19

Single linear strand

Question 20

Edwin Chargaff, what was he known for?

Answer 20

how the nucleotides of different organisms differed.

- discovered the ratio of purines:pyrimidines, guanine:cytosine, adenin:thymine

Question 21

Maurice Wilkins what was she known for?

Answer 21

interested in structure: used X-Ray crytallography

-Discovered that DNA is a helix and the dimensions of it.

Question 22

Francis CrikJames Watson, what was he known for?

Answer 22

They foud that two stands of DNA that had purines opposite of one anther, they wont fit within the width of the DNA molecule, and it would be difficult to stablize.

• A purine and a pyrimidine opposite of anther fit and bond well
• anti-parallel in direction