Chapter II Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
It is the science of naming, describing and classifying organisms and includes all plants, animals and microorganisms of the world.
A
Taxonomy
2
Q
taxis means?
A
arrangement
3
Q
nomia means?
A
distribution or method
4
Q
Father of biology and taxonomist
A
Aristotle
5
Q
Group living things in two major categories: plants and animals
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Aristotle
6
Q
Wrote the book Pinax Theatri Botanici in 1623, work is a listing of 6000 species, Recognized genera and species as major taxonomic levels.
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Andrea Caesalpino (1519–1603)
7
Q
Italian Scientist, called as “the first taxonomist”
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Gaspard or Caspard Bauhin (Swiss Scientists)
8
Q
Classified plants as flowering, non-flowering, monocot, dicot etc. He first used the term “species”.
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John Ray (17th Century)
9
Q
Father of Taxonomy
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CAROLUS LINNAEUS
10
Q
Developed a system of grouping organisms based on their characteristics using 7 hierarchical categories.
A
Carolus Linnaeus
11
Q
Developed the modern system of naming know as binomial nomenclature
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Carolus Linnaeus
12
Q
It is the biological system of naming the organisms in which the name is composed of two terms, where, the first term indicates the genus and the second term indicates the species of the organism.
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Binomial nomenclature
13
Q
How to write the scientific name?
A
Genus - written first and capitalized.
It appears in italics or is underlined.
species - written second and is not capitalized. It
appears in italics or is underlined.
14
Q
Can you name a species after yourself?
A
No
15
Q
What was the original language of science?
A
Latin
16
Q
Enumerate taxonomic heirarchy categories from the most general to specific
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Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
17
Q
a taxonomic group of any rank, such as a species, family, or class.
A
taxon or taxa for plural
18
Q
is the most inclusive in the Linnaeus’ 7 levels of classification
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Kingdom
19
Q
It is the smallest and least inclusive of the taxonomic categories.
A
species
20
Q
A major change to the Linnaean system was the addition of a new taxon called ___.
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Domain
21
Q
It is larger and more inclusive than the kingdom.
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Domain
22
Q
Most biologists agree there are three domains of life on Earth namely:
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Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
23
Q
Two domains that consist of single-celled prokaryotes.
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Archaea and Bacteria
24
Q
Domain that consists of all eukaryotes, from single-celled protists to humans.
A
Eukarya
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A kingdom of common bacteria like the good bacteria found in yogurt and the bad bacteria that cause bacterial infections.
Kingdom Eubacteria (domain Bacteria)
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A kingdom where uncommon bacteria such as those found in environments that are devoid of oxygen or are extremely acidic.
Kingdom Archaebacteria (domain Archaea)
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A kingdom of all plants
Kingdom Plantae
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A kingdom of all animals
Kingdom Animalia
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A kingdom of spore producing organisms (mushrooms, yeast, and most mold)
Kingdom Fungi
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A kingdom of a group of all the eukaryotes that are not fungi, animals, or plants. (Ex: algae and slime mold)
Kingdom Protista
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A phylum of flowering plants, including vegetables, fruit, beans,
and nuts
Phylum Anthophyta (kingdom Plantae)
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A phylum of invertebrate animals with an exoskeleton, segmented bodies, jointed limbs, and a vented central nervous system.
Arthropoda (kingdom Animalia)
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A phylum of animals that have a notochord (like the umbilical
cord on a baby), a dorsal hollow nerve cord (spinal cord), pharyngeal slits, and a
functional or vestigial tail
Chordata (kingdom Animalia)
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A phylum where plants stay green year-round, such as fir and juniper trees.
Coniferophyta (kingdom Plantae)
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Humans belong in what Phylum and Class?
Phylum Chordata and Class Mammalia
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Humans belong in what Domain and Kingdom?
Domain Eukarya and Kingdom Animalia
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A class where animals are born with gills that later develop lungs and spend parts of their
lives in water and parts on land; they must reproduce in water.
Class Amphibians
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The Four-Legged Vertebrates
Tetrapods
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A class of warm blooded animals with wings; they reproduce through internal fertilization
and lay eggs
Class Aves
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A class of vertebrate animals that have specialized teeth, strong jaws, are
conceived and born via the mother’s reproductive tract, and nurse from their mothers
Class Mammalia
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A class of cold-blooded animals with dry, rough skin; all except for snakes are
tetrapods (which means they have four legs)
Class Reptilia
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An order in class mammalia where mammals have canine teeth beneficial to their primarily meat-centric
diet; most are fur covered and tend to be small to medium in size
Order Carnivora
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An order of class mammalia that consists solely of bats, which are the only mammals that have the ability to
fly.
Order Chiroptera
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An order of class mammalia that mammals with flat nails on theirs hands (instead of claws), relatively large
brains, ability to sit and stand upright, requires care for an extended time after birth
Order Primates
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Humans are in what order and class?
Order Primates and Class Mammalia
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A family with the smallest primates (marmosets and tamarins)
Family Callitrichidae
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A family with the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs)
Family Hylobatidae
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A family with the great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans, and
humans)
Family Hominidae
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chimpanzees belong to family Hominidae and of what Genus?
pan
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gorillas belong to family Hominidae and of what Genus?
gorilla
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orangutans belong to family Hominidae and of what Genus?
pongo
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humans belong to family Hominidae and of what Genus?
homo
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This is the only one species in the genus homo
sapiens
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The genus gorilla has two species: __ (eastern gorillas) and __ (western gorillas).
gorilla beringei, gorilla gorilla
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The Six Kingdoms of Life
*Archaebacteria
*Eubacteria
*Protista
*Fungi
*Plantae
*Animalia
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Are a group of microorganisms considered to be an ancient form of life that evolved separately from the bacteria and blue-green algae, and they are sometimes classified as a kingdom.
Kingdom Archaebacteria
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A kingdom, these organisms are considered to be true bacteria and are classified under
the Bacteria domain.
Kingdom Eubacteria
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The __ kingdom includes a very diverse
group of organisms. Some have characteristics of
animals (protozoa), while others resemble plants
(algae) or fungi (slime molds). Many are parasitic pathogens that cause
disease in animals and humans.
Kingdom Protista
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Kingdom that includes both unicellular (yeast and molds) and multicellular (mushrooms)
organisms. Unlike plants, they are not capable of photosynthesis. They are important
for the recycling of nutrients back into the environment. They decompose organic matter
and acquire nutrients through absorption.
Kingdom Fungi
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This kingdom is non-motile. They make their own food and hence are called autotrophs.
Kingdom Plantae
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This phylum belongs in Kingdom animalia. Phylum __ means organisms with holes. They are commonly known as Sponges. Not differentiated into head and tail; do not have
a well-developed organ or organ system.
Phylum Porifera
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A phylum of kingdom animalia. Derived from the Greek word “kilos”
which means hollow-bellied.
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
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A phylum of kindom animalia
*Have a hollow body cavity.
*The body is differentiated into two ends.
*Includes all aquatic animals.
*Live in colonies (corals) as well as solitary (Sea anemone).
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
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Examples of this phylum are Spongilla and Sycon.
Phylum Porifera
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Examples of this phylum are Hydra and Jellyfish.
Phylum Coelenterata (Cnidaria)
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A phylum of kingdom animalia commonly known as flatworms. *Dorsoventrally flattened body.
*Complex and have differentiated body structure.
*Do not have a true internal cavity or coelom.
*Have bilateral symmetry.
*Either free-living (Planaria) or parasitic (liver flukes)
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Examples of this phylum include -Tapeworm, Planaria.
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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A phylum of kingdom animalia that consists of roundworms or nematodes. Their features are:
*cylindrical body.
*Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
*Have pseudocoelom, a false body cavity.
* Parasitic and causes diseases such as elephantiasis,
ascariasis.
Phylum Nematoda
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Examples of this phylum include – Ascaris,
Wuchereria.
Phylum Nematoda
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A phylum of kingdom animalia that are commonly known as segmented or ringed
worms. They have the following features:
*Have a segmented cylindrical body.
* The body is differentiated into head and tail.
*Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
*Have a true body cavity.
*Habitat: marine, freshwater and land.
Phylum Annelida
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Examples of this phylum include – Earthworm, Leech.
Phylum Annelida
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Animals which have jointed
appendages belong to this phylum. This is the largest phylum
in the animal kingdom.
Phylum Arthropoda
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A phylum of kingdom animalia.
*They are bilaterally symmetrical.
*Have jointed appendages, exoskeleton and a segmented body.
*Have well-differentiated organ and organ system.
* Have an open circulatory system, but do not have
differentiated blood vessels.
Phylum Arthropoda
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Examples of this phylum include – Spiders, butterflies,
and mosquitoes.
Phylum Arthropoda
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Phylum that consists of a large group of animals.
*Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic.
*Less segmented body.
*Well-developed organ and organ system.
*Typically, open circulatory system.
* Limbs are present.
Phylum Mollusca
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Examples of this phylum include- Snails
and octopus.
Phylum Mollusca
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A phylum of kingdom animalia derived from the Greek
words, echinos meaning hedgehog and derma meaning
skin. Thus, they are spiny-skinned animals.
Phylum Echinodermata
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A phylum of kingdom animalia
*Radial symmetry and triploblastic.
*Have true coelom.
*Have hard calcium carbonate skeleton structure.
*Free-living marine animals.
Phylum Echinodermata
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Examples of this phylum include- Sea
urchins, starfish.
Phylum Echinodermata
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A phylum of kingdom animalia.
*The body is soft, fragile, and divided into a
proboscis.
*The epidermis is single-layered.
*It comprises worm-like marine animals with an
organ-system level of organization.
They have an open circulatory system.
*They respire through gills since they are marine.
*They have separate sexes and external fertilization
is seen development is direct.
Phylum Hemichordata
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A phylum of kingdom animalia
They are bilaterally symmetrical,
triploblastic with an organ-system level
of classification.
They possess a notochord and a nerve
cord.
The circulatory system is closed type.
Phylum Chordata
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A sub-phyla of phylum chordata.
* Possesses a Notochord, a hollow nerve cord and a post anal
tail.
* Body has more than two cell layers and includes tissues and
organs.
* Has a U shaped gut.
* Body has no coelomic body cavity.
* Body wholly enclosed in a 'tunic' of secreted protein and
cellulose-like material.
Urochordata
83
A sub-phyla of phylum chordata.
Have a hollow, dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal gill
slits, and a notochord.
In most vertebrates, the embryonic notochord is
eventually replaced by bony vertebrae or
cartilaginous tissue;
Among them, the notochord is retained
into adulthood and is never replaced by vertebrae.
Cephalochordata
84
The body is more or less cylindrical, but is
subject to a wide range of variation in size and shape in
different animals and in different regions of the same
animal. Its upper and lower surfaces are flattened and
roughened to give attachment to the intervertebral
discs (fibro cartilages).
Vertebrata
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
*English Common Name: Hornworts
*Major distinguishing characteristics: Horn-shaped
sporophytes, no vascular system.
Phylum Anthocerotophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
*Name Meaning: Bryum-like plant, moss plant
*English Common Name: Mosses
*Major distinguishing characteristics: Persistent
unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system.
Phylum Bryophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
*Name Meaning: Chara-like plant
*English Common Name: Charophytes
*Major distinguishing characteristics:
Phylum Charophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
*Name Meaning: Yellow-green plant
*English Common Name: Chlorophytes
*Major distinguishing characteristics: mainly
autotrophs with exceptions and have the same
chlorophyll a and b pigments as "higher" plant
divisions
Phylum Chlorophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
*English Common Name: maidenhair tree
*Major distinguishing characteristics: Seeds not
protected by fruit
Phylum Ginkgophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae. Name Meaning: Blue-green plant
Phylum Glaucophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae. Major distinguishing characteristics: Seeds
and woody vascular system with vessels.
Phylum Gnetophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
Name Meaning: wolf plant
English Common Name: Clubmosses,
spikemosses
Major distinguishing characteristics:
Microphyll leaves, vascular system
Phylum Lycopodiophyta (Lycophyta)
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
English Common Name: Flowering plants,
angiosperms
Major distinguishing characteristics: Flowers and
fruit, vascular system with vessels
Phylum Magnoliophyta
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
* Name Meaning: liver
plant
* English Common Name: Liverworts
* Major distinguishing characteristics: Ephemeral
unbranched sporophytes, no vascular system
Phylum Marchantiophyta (Hepatophyta)
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A phylum of kingdom plantae.
*Name Meaning: Pinus-like plant, cone-bearing
plant
*English Common Name: Conifers
*Major distinguishing characteristics: Cones
containing seeds and wood composed of
tracheids
Phylum Pinophyta (Coniferophyta)
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A phylum of kingdom plantae. *Name Meaning: Pteris-like plant, fern plant
*English Common Name: ferns, horsetails
*Major distinguishing characteristics: Prothallus
gametophytes, vascular system
Phylum Pteridophyta
