Chapter III

Question 1

An element that is an important component of gram-positive bacterial cell wall & contributes to the resistance of bacterial endospores against adverse environmental conditions.

Answer 1

Calcium

Question 2

An element that is a component of cytochrome, a component of the electron transport chain, and functions such as a co-factor for enzymatic activities.

Answer 2

Iron

Question 3

It regulates the production of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and vital proteins.

Answer 3

Vitamin B Complex

Question 4

A physical requirement that serves as the medium from which bacteria acquire nutrients.

Answer 4

Moisture/water

Question 5

Microbes that cannot survive in the presence of oxygen are called __.

Answer 5

Obligate anaerobes

Question 6

There are organisms that can grow and survive both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

Answer 6

Facultative organisms

Question 7

Some organisms are able to grow at low oxygen tension but their rate growth is diminished. These are called ___.

Answer 7

Microaerophiles

Question 8

There are some organisms though that may require the addition of carbon dioxide to enhance their growth. These are called ___.

Answer 8

Capnophiles

Question 9

grow best at temperatures higher than 40°C

Answer 9

Thermophiles

Question 10

Microbes require optimal temperature of 20°C-40°C. Most are medically important bacteria.

Answer 10

Mesophiles

Question 11

require optimal temperature of 10°C-20°C.

Answer 11

Psychrophiles

Question 12

bacteria that grow best in pH 8.4-9.0

Answer 12

Alkalophiles

Question 13

Bacteria that grow best in pH 6.5-7.5. Most are medically important bacteria.

Answer 13

Neutrophiles

Question 14

bacteria require a pH less than 6.0

Answer 14

Acidophiles

Question 15

The normal microbial cytoplasmic salt concentration is approximately __%.

Answer 15

1%

Question 16

require high salt concentration for growth

Answer 16

Halophiles

Question 17

require high osmotic pressure for optimal growth

Answer 17

Osmophiles

Question 18

It is the study of the relationships between microorganisms and their environment.

Answer 18

Microbial Ecology

Question 19

___ consists of the group of organisms that inhabit the body of a normal healthy individual in the community.

Answer 19

Normal flora

Question 20

A type of flora. These are organisms that are relatively of fixed types and are regularly found in a given area of the body at a given age.

Answer 20

Regular flora

Question 21

A type of flora that inhabit the skin and mucous membrane temporarily for hours, days, or weeks and are derived from the environment.

Answer 21

Transient flora

Question 22

These are a collective of one or more types of microorganisms that can grow on many
different surfaces.

Answer 22

Biofilms