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CCP Biology > Chapter One > Flashcards

Chapter One Flashcards

1
Q

Biology

A

Study of Life

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2
Q

Properties of Life

A

Order
Energy processing
Growth and development
response to the environment
Regulation
Reproduction
Evolutionary adaptation

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3
Q

Unifying themes

A

Organization
Information
Energy and Matter
Interactions
Evolution

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4
Q

Levels of Organization

A

Biosphere
Ecosystems
Communities
Populations
Organisms
Organs
Tissues
Cells
Organelles
Molecules

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5
Q

Biosphere

A

All life on Earth and the places where life exists

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6
Q

Ecosystems

A

all living things in a particular area and nonliving components with which they interact

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7
Q

Populations

A

All the individuals of a species living within a specific area

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8
Q

Communities

A

Array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem

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9
Q

Organisms

A

Individual living things

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10
Q

Organ

A

Body part that is made of and has a specific function

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11
Q

Tissue

A

Group of cells working together to perform a specialized function

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12
Q

Cell

A

Fundamental unit of structure and function of life

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13
Q

Organelle

A

A particular functional component within a cell

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14
Q

Molecule

A

Chemical structure of two or more atoms

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15
Q

Structure follows function at every level of biological hierarchy

A

example: Thin, flat leaves maximize sunlight exposure for chloroplasts
Hummingbird wings rotate at shoulder to allow for forward and backward flying

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16
Q

Cell Characteristics

A

All cells are enclosed by a membrane

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17
Q

Prokaryotic cells

A

Cells that lack a nucleus or other membrane enclosed organelles

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18
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

Cells that contain membrane-enclosed organelles

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19
Q

DNA-

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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20
Q

DNA serves as

A

the genetic material that is replicated and passed to offspring

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21
Q

DNA is composed of

A

a double helix of antiparallel strands

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22
Q

Gene

A

discreet unit of hereditary information that consists of a DNA sequence of nucleotides

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23
Q

Genes provide blueprint for making

A

Proteins

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24
Q

Gene expression

A

Process by which information encoded in DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

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25
DNA----->mRNA
transcription
26
mRNA----->amino acid chain
translation
27
amino acid chain----->protein
protein folding
28
Genome
"library" of genetic instructions inherited by an organism
29
Genomics
Study of the whole sets of genes in one or more species
30
Proteomics
Study of sets of proteins and their properties
31
Proteome
Set of proteins expressed by a given cell, tissue, or organism
32
Bioinformatics
Use of computational tools to store, organize and analyze large volumes of data
33
Sun
primary input of energy
34
Producers
Organisms that produce organic compounds from inorganic compounds
35
Photosynthesis
Conversion of light energy and CO.2 to chemical energy
36
Chemosynthesis
Conversion of inorganic chemicals to chemical energy through oxidation
37
Consumers
Organisms that feed on producers, other consumers, or nonliving organic matter
38
Decomposers
Organisms that absorb nutrients from nonliving organic matter and convert to inorganic forms
39
flows through an ecosystem
Energy
40
Organisms use ___________ to perform work
chemical energy
41
__________- is lost to surroundings
Heat
42
Feedback regulation
regulation of a process by its output or end-product
43
Negative Feedback
Regulation in which the output reduces the production
44
Positive Feedback
Regulation in which the output increases the process leading to additional product
45
Every organism interacts
with other organisms
46
Organisms interact with
Physical factors in the environment
47
Evolution
Concept that organisms living on Earth today are modified descendants of common ancestors
48
Unity
Two species sharing certain traits
49
Diversity
Differences between two species
50
Adaptation
change of an organism to a particular environment
51
Domains of Life
Bacteria Archaea Eukarya
52
Eukarya
Kingdoms -Plantae -Fungi -Animalia -Protista
53
Natural selection is the primary cause of
descent with modification
54
Natural selection
Process by which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than others because of those traits
55
Darwin- Individuals in population
Vary in traits many of which are inherited
56
Darwin- Population produce
more offspring than can survive to produce offspring
57
Darwin- Species are suited to their
Environments
58
Darwin- Environment cannot
support the number of individuals that exist, so competition among individuals occurs
59
Darwin- Species have
adapted to the circumstances
60
Darwin's theory of evolution
Individuals with inherited traits are better suited to local environment and are more likely to survive and reproduce After many generations more individuals exist with advantageous traits Placeholder
61
Tree of Life
Different species may have a common ancestor Over long periods of time, natural selection could give rise to two or more descendants (Galapagos Finches)
62
Scientific Process
Observation Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Gather Data Analyze Results Form Conclusion Replicate Results Publish Findings
63
Inquiry
The search for information and explanations of natural phenomena
64
Qualitative
Data that pertains to observations
65
Quantitative
Data that pertains to measurements
66
Deductive Reasoning
Logic in which specific results are predicted from a general premise
67
Controlled Experiment
Experiment designed to compare an experimental group with a control group
68
Control group
Set of subjects that lack the specific factor being tested
69
Variables
Factors that vary during an experiment
70
Independent Variable
Factor that is manipulated during an experiment: it affects the dependent variable
71
Dependent Variable
The factor that is measured during an experiment; it responds to the independent variable
72
Law
Statement of mathematical expression based on observations and experimentation that describes the natural world
73
Theory
Explanation of a phenomenon based on observations, experimentation, and basic reasoning Can never be proven, but can be disproven

CCP Biology (5 decks)

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