Chapter Two

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that has mass and occupies space

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Substance that cannot be broken into other substances by chemical means

Question 3

Element is represented by

Answer 3

Chemical symbols

Question 4

Essential elements

Answer 4

Elements that an organism needs to live and reproduce

Question 5

Trace elements

Answer 5

Elements required by an organism in small amounts

Question 6

Compound

Answer 6

Substance composed of two or more different elements

Question 7

Compound represented by

Answer 7

Chemical formulas

Question 8

Compounds have

Answer 8

A definite ratio

Question 9

Electrons may have

Answer 9

different levels of energy within an atom

Question 10

Energy

Answer 10

The ability to do work

Question 11

Potential energy

Answer 11

stored energy that matter possesses due to structure or position

Question 12

Electrons in energy levels closer to the nucleus have

Answer 12

lower energy than electrons that are farther from the nucleus

Question 13

Valence Electrons

Answer 13

Electrons that are on the out most energy level of an atom; electrons that participate in bonding

Question 14

Orbital

Answer 14

3-D space in which electrons are most likely to be found

Question 15

Chemical bonds

Answer 15

Attraction between atoms

Question 16

Ionic bond

Answer 16

Formed due to the attraction of oppositely charged ions following the transfer of electrons

Question 17

Covalent Bond

Answer 17

Bond formed when adjacent atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 18

Molecule

Answer 18

Substance composed of two or more atoms joined through covalent bonds

Question 19

Covalent bonds occur between

Answer 19

nonmetals

Question 20

Electrons may not be shared

Answer 20

equally

Question 21

Non polar covalent bonds

Answer 21

bonds in which electrons are shared equally

Question 22

Non polar Covalent Bonds

Answer 22

bonds in which electrons are shared unequally

Question 23

Electronegativity

Answer 23

determines whether polar or non polar bonds form

Question 24

Electronegativity

Answer 24

Measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond

Question 25

Ionic Compounds

Answer 25

Compounds that form from the attraction of cation and anions

Question 26

Cation

Answer 26

ion that forms after an atom loses one or more electrons Possess positive charge

Question 27

Metals tend to form

Answer 27

Cations

Question 28

Anion

Answer 28

Ion that forms after an atom gains one or more electrons Negative charges

Question 29

Anions are formed

Answer 29

Between nonmetals

Question 30

Properties of Ionic Compounds

Answer 30

hard and brittle Higher melting and boiling points Soluble in water Conduct electrical current if melted or dissolved in water

Question 30

Ionic Forces

Answer 30

Attractive forces that occur between positively charged cations and negatively-charged anions in ionic compounds

Question 31

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 31

Attractive forces that occur between the partial positive charge of one molecule and the partial negative charge of an adjacent molecule

Question 32

Dipole

Answer 32

Molecule that has a partial positive end and a partial negative end Occurs between polar molecules

Question 33

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 33

Attractive force that occurs when a hydrogen bound to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to lone electrons of an adjacent molecule occurs when hydrogen is bound to N, O, or F Special type of dipole dipole force

Question 34

Van der Wals forces

Answer 34

Attractive forces that occur within non polar compounds; include London dispersion forces

Question 35

London dispersion forces

Answer 35

Attraction due to a temporarily induced dipole Occurs in non polar compounds weakest of intermolecular forces

Question 36

Molecular shapes are determined by the

Answer 36

position of the atoms' orbitals

Question 37

Molecular functions are influenced by

Answer 37

Number of bonds an atom has The presence or absence of lone electrons around the atom

Question 38

Molecular shape determines

Answer 38

how biological molecules recognize and respond to one another

Question 39

Chemical reaction

Answer 39

The process of making and breaking of chemical bonds, resulting in changes in composition of matter Reactants------> Products

Question 40

Reversible reaction

Answer 40

Chemical reaction in which the reactants form products and products can reform into reactants Reactants (double arrow) Products

Question 41

Chemical Equilibrium

Answer 41

Condition in which the forward reaction and reverse reaction occur simultaneously and at equal rates Relative concentrations of reactants and products are unchanging