Chapter One Flashcards
(26 cards)
creative adaptability
the concept of adapting to a changing environment. The idea that humans make choices which shape the future.
middens
is an old dump for domestic waste which may consist of animal bone, human excrement, botanical material, mollusk shells, potsherds, lithics, and other artifacts and Eco facts associated with past human occupation
Archaic Native American culture
replced the Paleo Indians
first Tennesseans
hunt, gathered and fished in limited areas
more advanced tech than ancestors
clay hearths
atlatl - spear
Woodland Native American Culture
followed the Archaic
lived in permenanet settlements
developed the 1st agriculture in TN - raising crops
burial mounds (social stratification)
evidence of complex belief system
network of trade relations
Mississippian Native American Culture
followed the Woodland
living along MS RIver
their practices became adopted by the Woodland Indians
lived in large towns, concentrated populations –> highly organized agriculture, hunting to support them, form of govt to distribute resources
chief/priests became very important
Cherokee
most significant presence
southern Appalachians
four districts:
- upper and middle settlements of NC,
- lower settlements of western SC and northern GA,
- Overhill settlements of East TN near Tellico and little TN rivers (Tanasi)
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hunted all of east and middle TN
Chickasaw
hunted in West and Middle
no permanent habitation
towns were in northern MS
Shawnee
hunted in Cumberland River area of Middle
most people lived farther noth near Ohio River
Creek
confedarcy of small tribes (not single)
towns in Chattanooga areas, lived mostly southern GA, AL, FL
Green Corn Ceremony
Mississppian Indian Culuture
most important public event
eight day annual festival
rituals, dancing story telling - propitiate the gods
“black drink” - vomit - purging physically and spiritually
sacred fire re-lit
Hernando DeSoto
Spaniard conquesador
1st Europeans see MS River
entered east TN passing through FL, GA, SC
search for gold failed
friends with cheif Tuscaloosa (later betrayed) - largest battle fought in NA up to this point
dies and falls ill, wanted indians to beleive him to be a god
Overhill Cherokee
most prominent of the Cherokee
James Needham and Gabriel Arthur
two englishmen
crossing TN eastern border
came from VA
private agents of Abraham Wood –> sought expanding Applichain track
entered Great East Valley of TN Cherokee town
James Marquette and Louis Joliet
Jesuit missionary and fur trader led canoe down MS river for France
built forts from New orleans to Quebec
Fort Prudhomme
A stockade constructed by the French in Tennessee to protect the canoe traveler
Alexander Cuming
appointed Motoy
Moytoy
cheif of the OverHill town of Tellico (Cherokee)
represented by Alexander Cumming
represented Indians in treaty organization with Carolina official
Christian Prieber
threat to english alliance
German wandered into Tellico
urged Indians to declare him secretary of state, wanted them to renounce English soverignety, make peace with tribes, trade with French
arrested as enemy agent
Oconostota
Cherokee tribe chief warrior, did not like english - beleived were spreading smallpox on purpose
Attakullakulla
Little Carpernter
leader of Overhill Cherokee
John William Gerard De Brahm
supervisor of construction of forts
put in charge by William Henery Lyttleton
built Fort loudoun
Paul Demere
fort commander of Loudoun
rude and hated by Cherokees
around when there were indians killed off by whites, indians retaliated, resulting in halting to trade
Oconostota revolted
Long Hunters
took many months (expeditons)
learned forest skills of Indians - whites crossing into TN for deer and beaver pelts
delivered detailed reports about the land
Fort Loudoun
Little TN and Tellico Rivers meet
dimaond shaped, discourage attacks by Indian warriors
SC?
Attukullakulla was still nice to them when fort provisions low
eventually Demere and people had to leave fort and surrender
died by Cherokke ambush
helped English when French were winning
