Chapter one

Question 1

what are nucleotides

Answer 1

the units in the linear dna molecule that stores biological info

Question 2

what 4 letters are in DNA

Answer 2

a t g c

Question 3

g

Answer 3

guanine

Question 4

t

Answer 4

thymine

Question 5

c

Answer 5

cytosine

Question 6

a

Answer 6

adenine

Question 7

what do the letters of DNA represent

Answer 7

bases

Question 8

base pairs bond through

Answer 8

hydrogen bonding

Question 9

is the info of dna 3-d or 1-d

Answer 9

one demensional

Question 10

why is info of DNA one demensional

Answer 10

encoded as a specific sequence of letters along the length of the molecule

Question 11

genes

Answer 11

the DNA regions that encode proteins

Question 12

chromosomes

Answer 12

organized structures containing DNA and proteins that package and manage the storage, duplication, expression and evolution of DNA

Question 13

genome

Answer 13

the DNA within the entire collection of chromosomes in each cell of an organism

Question 14

how many genes are in human cells

Answer 14

25000

Question 15

how many chromosomes in human cells

Answer 15

24

Question 16

how many base pairs in human cell

Answer 16

3x10^9

Question 17

base pair

Answer 17

pair of nucleotides

Question 18

metabolism

Answer 18

the chemical and physical reactions that carry out the ability to convert foreign material into their own body parts

Question 19

proteins

Answer 19

large polymers composed of hundreds to thousands of amino acid subunits strung together in long chains

Question 20

how many amino acids are there

Answer 20

20

Question 21

genetic code

Answer 21

the info in the DNA of genes dictates the order of amino acids in a protein molecule

Question 22

evolution of bio information spans over

Answer 22

4 billion years of earths history

Question 23

what was the first info processing molecule to appear

Answer 23

RNA

Question 24

bases of RNA

Answer 24

A G C U

Question 25

codon

Answer 25

three letter of bases

Question 26

how is there relatedness in organisms

Answer 26

comparisons of genes with similar functions in very different organisms

Question 27

how does the relatedness of genes help

Answer 27

can place one gene of one organism into another organism and it will function properly

Question 28

convergent evolution

Answer 28

structurally unrelated but functionally analogous organs emerge in different species as a result of natural selection

Question 29

what gene is involved with development of eye in people and mice

Answer 29

Pax6

Question 30

model organisms

Answer 30

experimental manipulation of organisms

Question 31

what do model organisms help do

Answer 31

shed light on gene functions in humans

Question 32

how have gene families formed

Answer 32

by duplication of a primordial gene

Question 33

what causes the two genes from primordial gene to be different

Answer 33

duplication, mutation and rearrangements

Question 34

what underlies the evolution of new genes and new function

Answer 34

duplication followed by divergence

Question 35

exons

Answer 35

protein coding region

Question 36

introns

Answer 36

does not code for protein

Question 37

when did prokaryotic cells evolve

Answer 37

3.7 billion