Chapter Three

Question 1

Neurons

Answer 1

cells in the nervous system that communicate with one another to preform information-processing tasks

Question 2

Three parts of a neuron

Answer 2

cell body, dendrites, and axon

Question 3

Myelin Sheath

Answer 3

covers the axon and is an insulating layer or fatty material

Question 4

Glial Cells

Answer 4

support cells found in the nervous system that make up the myelin sheath

Question 5

What functions do glial cells serve

Answer 5

digest parts of dead neutrons, provide physical and nutritional support for neuron, for the myelin to insulate the axon

Question 6

Demyelinating diseases

Answer 6

the myelin sheath deteriorates, slowing the transmission of information from one neuron to another

Question 7

Synapse

Answer 7

Receive information from the external world and convey this information to the brain

Question 8

Bipolar cells

Answer 8

type of sensory neuron found in the retinas of the eyes, have a single axon, and small dendrites that feed into a long dendrite that connects to the cell body

Question 9

Motor Neurons

Answer 9

carry signals from the spinal cord to the muscles to produce movement

Question 10

Pyramidal Cells

Answer 10

found in the cerebral cortex

Question 11

Three Major types of Neurons

Answer 11

Sensory, Motor and Interneurons

Question 12

Interneurons

Answer 12

connect sensory neurons, motor neurons and other interneurons

Question 13

Resting Potential

Answer 13

natural electrical charge, the difference in electric charge when the neuron is at rest

Question 14

Action Potential

Answer 14

an electrical signal that is conducted along the length of a neuron’s axon to a synapse

Question 15

Terminal buttons

Answer 15

knoblike structures that branch out from an axon

Terminal buttons are filled with tiny vesticles that contain neuro transmitters

Question 16

Neurotransmitters

Answer 16

chemicals that transmit information across the synapse to a receiving neuron’s dendrites

Question 17

Receptors

Answer 17

parts of the cell membrane that receive neuro transmitter and either initiate or prevent a new electric signal

Question 18

Acetylcholine

Answer 18

motor control, attention, learning, memory sleeping and dreaming

Question 19

Dopamine

Answer 19

motivation, pleasure and emotional arousal, drug addiction

Question 20

Glutamate

Answer 20

Major excitatory neurotransmitting, it enhances the transmission of info between neurons

Question 21

GABA

Answer 21

Primary Inhibitory neurotransmitter, stop firing of neurons

Question 22

Norepinephrine

Answer 22

heightened awareness of dangers, mood and arousal (mood disorders)

Question 23

Seretonin

Answer 23

regulation of sleep and wakefulness (mood disorders

Question 24

Endorphins

Answer 24

act within the pain pathways (dulling pain)

Question 25

Agonists

Answer 25

drugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter

Question 26

Antagonists

Answer 26

Drugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter

Question 27

Two divisions of the nervous system

Answer 27

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 28

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 28

A set of nerves that conveys information between voluntary muscles and the central nervous system

Question 29

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 29

A set of nerves that carries involuntary and automatic commands that control blood vessels, body organs and glands

Question 30

Two kinds of autonomic nervous system

Answer 30

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 31

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 31

A set of nerves that prepares the body for action in challenging or threatening situations

Question 32

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 32

Helps the body return to a normal rising state

Question 33

Two elements responsible for what we do as humans

Answer 33

The brain and the spinal cord