Chapter Three Terms - Adolescence

Question 1

Cognitive Development

Answer 1

Change over time in how people think, solve problems, and their capacities for memory andattention change

Question 2

Stage

Answer 2

A period in which abilities are organized in a coherent, interrelated way

Question 3

Mental Structure

Answer 3

The organization of cognitive abilities into a single patterm

Question 4

Cognitive Development Approach

Answer 4

Cognition changes that take place at different ages

Question 5

Maturation

Answer 5

Growing up/Growing older

Question 6

Schemes

Answer 6

A mental structure for organizing and interpreting information

Question 7

Assimilation

Answer 7

The cognitive process that occurs when new information is altered to fit an existing scheme

Question 8

Accommodation

Answer 8

The cognitive process that occurs when a scheme is changed to adapt to new information

Question 9

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 9

First 2 years of life that involves learning how to coordinate the activites of the senses with motor activities

Question 10

Preopreational Stage

Answer 10

From age 2 to 7 child becomes capable of representing the world symbolically through the use of language

Question 11

Concrete Operation

Answer 11

From age 7 to 11 child learns to use mental operation, but are not able to do hypothetical situations

Question 12

Mental Operations

Answer 12

Cognitive activity involving manipulating and reasoning about objects.

Question 13

Formal Operation

Answer 13

From age 11 and up when children learn to think systematically about possibilities and hypotheses

Question 14

Pendulum Problem

Answer 14

Piaget’s classes test of formal operation

Question 15

Hypothetical-deductive reasoning

Answer 15

When Formal Operations children are able to solve a problem and explain how they got there

Question 16

Abstract Thinking

Answer 16

Thinking in terms of symbols, ideas, and concepts

Question 17

Complex Thinking

Answer 17

Thinking that takes into account multiple connections and interpretations such as methaphor, satire, and sarcasm

Question 18

Metacognition

Answer 18

The ability to think about thinking

Question 19

Postformal Thinking

Answer 19

Type of thinking beyond formal operation that uses pragmatism and reflective judgement in real life

Question 20

Pragmatism

Answer 20

Thinking that involves seeing a problem with multiple solutions and not just one logical one

Question 21

Dialectical Thought

Answer 21

Involves an awareness that most problem do not have a single solution and that problems must often be addressed with pieces of information missing

Question 22

Reflective Judgement

Answer 22

Capacity to evaluate the accuracy and logical coherence of evidence and arguments

Question 23

Dualistic Thinking

Answer 23

Cognitive tendency to see situations and issues in polarized, absolute, black and white terms

Question 24

Multiple Thinking

Answer 24

Recognition that there is more than one view and it is difficult to justify which is true or accurate

Question 25

Relativism

Answer 25

Ability to know that competing points have reasons and you can compare both of the views

Question 26

Commitment

Answer 26

Person commit themselves to a certain point of view they believe, but are still open to rethinking the certain point

Question 27

Information-Processing Approach

Answer 27

Approach to understading the steps involved in the thinking process and how each step is connected

Question 28

Discontinous

Answer 28

Development takes places in stage that are separate from one another

Question 29

Continuous

Answer 29

Development takes place as a gradual, steady process

Question 30

Componential Approach

Answer 30

Involves breaking down the thinking process into various components

Question 31

Reductionism

Answer 31

Breaking up a phenomenon into separate parts to such an extant that the meaning and coherence of the phenomenon as a whole becomes lost

Question 32

Organizational Core

Answer 32

Cognitive development affects all areas of thinking, no matter the topic

Question 33

Social Cognition

Answer 33

How people think about other people, social relationships, and social institutions

Question 34

Perspective Taking

Answer 34

The ability to understand the thoughts and feelings of other

Question 35

Social and Conventional system perspective taking

Answer 35

realizing that social perspectives of self and others are influenced not just by interaction with each other but their roles in the larger society

Question 36

prosocial

Answer 36

promoting the well-being of others

Question 37

Theory of Mind

Answer 37

The ability to attribute mental states to one's self and others, including beliefs, thoughts, and feelings

Question 38

Personal Fable

Answer 38

Believing that they are unique and include a sense of invulnerability that leads to taking risks

Question 39

Optimistic Bias

Answer 39

Tendency to assume that what happens to others would not happen to you

Question 40

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 40

Mental abilities that involve peed of analyzing, processing, and reacting to information (Think SAT)

Question 41

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 41

Accumalated knowledge and enhanced judgement based on experience

Question 42

Transracial Adoption

Answer 42

The adoption of children of one race by parents of a different race

Question 43

Synapse

Answer 43

Point of transmission between two nerve cells

Question 44

Neurons

Answer 44

Cells of the nervous system, including the brain

Question 45

Overproduction

Answer 45

A rapid increase in the production of synaptic connections in the brain

Question 46

Gray Matter

Answer 46

Where most of the growth in brain cells occurs during overproduction in adolescence

Question 47

Frontal Lobes

Answer 47

Involves in planning ahead and analyzing complex problems

Question 48

Synaptic Pruning

Answer 48

After overproduction occurs, numbers of snypases reduces making the brain faster and more efficient, but less flexible

Question 49

Myelination

Answer 49

Serves the function of keeping the brain's electrical signals on one path and increasing their speed

Question 50

Cerebellum

Answer 50

Involved in basic functions such as movement and also higher functions as math, music, decision making and social skills