chapter two

Question 1

abdominal cavity

Answer 1

abdomen, contains the major organs of digestion

Question 2

adenocarcinoma

Answer 2

a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

Question 3

adenoma

Answer 3

a benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like structure

Question 4

anaplasia

Answer 4

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

Question 5

anatomy

Answer 5

the study of the structures of the body

Question 6

anomaly

Answer 6

a deviation from what is considered normal

Question 7

anterior

Answer 7

situated in the front , on the front or forward part of an organ

Question 8

aplasia

Answer 8

the defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue

Question 9

atresia

Answer 9

the congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage

Question 10

autopsy

Answer 10

postmortem, usually conducted to determine cause of death however is also a way of evaluating the presence of disease and the effectiveness of treatment

Question 11

Bloodborne transmission

Answer 11

the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids

Question 12

caudal

Answer 12

toward the feet or lower part of the body

Question 13

cephalic

Answer 13

toward the head or upper part of the body

Question 14

chromosome

Answer 14

genetic structure located in the nucleus of each cell

Question 15

communicable disease

Answer 15

a contagious disease, any condition transmitted from one person to another with direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

Question 16

congenital disorder

Answer 16

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

Question 17

cytoplasm

Answer 17

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

Question 18

distal

Answer 18

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

Question 19

dorsal

Answer 19

the back of the organ or body

Question 20

dysplasia

Answer 20

the abnormal development or growth of cells or the presence of abnormal cells within the type of tissue

Question 21

endemic

Answer 21

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

Question 22

endocrine glands

Answer 22

which produce hormones and do not have ducts

Question 23

epidemic

Answer 23

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population

Question 24

epigastric region

Answer 24

located above the stomach

Question 25

etiology

Answer 25

the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions

Question 26

exocrine glands

Answer 26

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body (with ducts)

Question 27

functional disorder

Answer 27

a non-organic disorder that produces physical symptoms of which no disease or course can be identified

Question 28

genetic disorder

Answer 28

hereditary disease, a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

Question 29

geriatrician

Answer 29

or gerontologist, a physician who specializes in the care of older people

Question 30

hemophilia

Answer 30

a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood clotting factor is missing

Question 31

histology

Answer 31

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

Question 32

homeostasis

Answer 32

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Question 33

hyperplasia

Answer 33

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

Question 34

hypertrophy

Answer 34

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in size not number of cells

Question 35

hypogastric region

Answer 35

located below the stomach

Question 36

hypoplasia

Answer 36

the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

Question 37

iatrogenic illness

Answer 37

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

Question 38

idiopathic disease

Answer 38

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

Question 39

inguinal

Answer 39

relating to the groin

Question 40

medial

Answer 40

the direction toward or nearer to the midline

Question 41

mesentery

Answer 41

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

Question 42

midsagittal plane

Answer 42

the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

Question 43

nosocomial infection

Answer 43

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

Question 44

pandemic

Answer 44

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area possibly worldwide

Question 45

pathology

Answer 45

the study of disease: it's nature, cause, and the produced changes in structure and function

Question 46

pelvic cavity

Answer 46

the space formed by the hip bones, contains the organs of reproductive and excretory systems

Question 47

peritoneum

Answer 47

a multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place in the abdominal cavity

Question 48

peritonitis

Answer 48

inflammation of the peritoneum

Question 49

physiology

Answer 49

the study of the functions of the structures of the body

Question 50

posterior

Answer 50

situated in the back, the back part of an organ

Question 51

proximal

Answer 51

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

Question 52

retroperitoneal

Answer 52

located behind the peritoneum

Question 53

stem cells

Answer 53

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time via cell division

Question 54

thoracic cavity

Answer 54

chest cavity/thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

Question 55

transverse plane

Answer 55

the horizontal plane that divides the body into Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions at the waist or another level across the body

Question 56

umbilicus

Answer 56

belly button, navel, where the umbilical cord was once attached

Question 57

vector-borne transmission

Answer 57

an insect bite, the spread of a certain disease through blood sucking vectors

Question 58

ventral

Answer 58

the front or belly side of the organ or body