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Abnormal Psych > chapter two > Flashcards

chapter two Flashcards

1
Q

Genotype

A

Produces characteristics like eye color that do NOT change over time

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable characteristics of a person that CAN change over time like behaviors and symptoms

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3
Q

DNA and its shape

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid and its a double helix

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4
Q

development of behavior is often …

A

polygenetic

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5
Q

Genetic contributions to psychopathology is around what percent?

A

less than 50%

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6
Q

Branches of the nervous system: (CNS) and what it includes

A

Central nervous system and it includes the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Branches of nervous system: (PNS) and what it includes

A

The peripheral nervous system and it contains the somatic and autonomic branches

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8
Q

Soma definition:

A

Cell body

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9
Q

Dendrites definition:

A

Branches that receive messages from other neurons

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10
Q

Axon trunk definition:

A

Sends messages to other neurons

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11
Q

Axon terminals definition:

A

Buds at the end of an axon form which chemical messages are sent

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12
Q

synapses defintion:

A

small gaps that separate neurons

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13
Q

neurons operate ___ but communicate ___

A

Electrically, chemically

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14
Q

neurotransmitters are the ___ messengers

A

chemical

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15
Q

Frontal lobe jobs:

A

Thinking and reasoning abilities, memory, brakes on arousal

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16
Q

Parietal lobe jobs:

A

Touch recognition

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17
Q

Occipital lobe jobs:

A

Integrates visual output

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18
Q

Temporal lobe jobs:

A

recognition of sights, sounds, and long term memory storage

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19
Q

What does the biological model assume?

A

That the mental states, emotions, and behaviors arise largely from physical process

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20
Q

Why is the biological model important for understanding?

A

It helps us understand many components of major mental disorders, but it can’t explain all of the aspects

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21
Q

the Psychodynamic model was created by who?

A

Sigmund freud

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22
Q

Psychodynamic model: childhood experiences shape what?

A

The adult personality

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23
Q

Psychodynamic model: causes and purposes of human behavior are not always…

A

obvious, but partly unconscious (unconscious motivation)

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24
Q

psychodynapic model: Defense mechanisms are used how?

A

People use defense mechanisms to calm and control their anxiety and stress

25
Q

Psychodynamic model: Everything we do has ___ and ___ and is ____

A

Everything we do has meaning and purpose and is goal directed. (psychic determinism)

26
Q

What is psycho determinism?

A

Everything we do has meaning and purpose and is goal directed. (we all have our own narrative of our life)

27
Q

Three parts of the psychodynamic theory:

A

Superego, ego, ID

28
Q

Superego guiding principle and task

A

guiding principle: Morality. Task: develop conscious and blocks impulses

29
Q

Ego guiding principle and task

A

guiding principle: Reality. task mediate demands of ID and superego, cope with real world

30
Q

ID guiding principle and task:

A

Guiding principle: Pleasure. Task: attain gratification of wants, needs, and impulses

31
Q

psychodynamic assesment

A

-inkblots
-tat test
-sentence completion tests

32
Q

psychodynamic strengths

A

-helps us focus on creating better environments for our children
-theory of defense mechanisms is intuitive

33
Q

limitations of psychodynamic

A

-Relative lack of research support for its major assumptions
-Abstract and difficult to measure

34
Q

Humanistic models major theorists

A

-Maslow
-Rogers
-May

35
Q

Maslows theory for humanistic model

A

-self actualization, hierarchy of needs

36
Q

Rogers (the father of humanistic theory) ideals for humanistic theory

A

-Client centered therapy, unconditional positive regard

37
Q

Mays ideals for humanistic theory

A

-Authenticity, existential psychology

38
Q

Evaluation of humanistic model:

A

-Positive psychology (factors that allow people to thrive)
-Ethical guidelines (refrain from biases; respect)

39
Q

Weaknesses over humanistic model

A

-Theory lacks great empirical support, and ignores biological influences
-not applicable to severe forms of psychopathology

40
Q

Two parts of the cognitive-behavioral model

A

-cognitive
-behavioral

41
Q

Behavioral perspective definition

A

-focus on environmental stimuli and behavioral responses
-Direct observation and measurement

42
Q

cognitive perspective definition

A

-people often behave in ways that have little to do with reinforcement or classical conditioning

43
Q

Learning principles: Classical conditioning

A

-a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.
-Pavlov’s dogs
-what went wrong -> fix it by training

44
Q

learning principles: Operant conditioning

A

-Positive reinforcement
-negative reinforcement

45
Q

cognitive principles

A

-cognitive schemas
-cognitive distortions

46
Q

cognitive schemas defintion

A

-beliefs or exceptions that affect behavior

47
Q

cognitive behavioral model: (what it includes)

A

-modeling (vicariuous conditoning)
-avoidence conditioning

48
Q

modeling (vicarious conditioning) definition:

A

-observing and learning from others

49
Q

avoidance conditioning:

A

-combines classical and operant conditioning
-avoides objects or siutations b/c of fear/distress drives avoidence

50
Q

learning principles of cognitive behavioral theory

A

-functional anyalsis of behavior
-SORC model

51
Q

SORC model definition

A

S-stimulis, O-organism, R-response/behavior, C- consequences

52
Q

Treatments for cognitive behavioral theory

A

-CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy)
-Rational restructuring (ABC- a=stimulis, b=behavior, c=consequences)
-systematic desensitization
-exposure treatment
-token economy

53
Q

positives of cognitive behavioral theory

A

-very influential and dominates clincial psychology
-effective treatments

54
Q

limitations of cognitive behavioral theory

A

-does not always provide the best account of how problems orginally develop

55
Q

Sociocultural factors:

A

-Culture
-Gender
-Neighborhoods/ communities
-families

56
Q

Sociocultural perspective

A

-great emphasis on enviromental and social influences on psychological problems

57
Q

Culture definition

A

-unique behavior and lifestyle shared by a group of people
-not innate, but learned from others
-different that enthicy and race

58
Q

culture bound syndromes

A

-(direct cause)
-everyone in a culture having superstition type beliefs
-koro, dhat

59
Q

treatment for sociocultural model

A

-family therapy
-couples therapy
-prevent discrimination

Abnormal Psych (5 decks)

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