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chapter two Flashcards

1
Q

Genotype

A

Produces characteristics like eye color that do NOT change over time

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2
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable characteristics of a person that CAN change over time like behaviors and symptoms

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3
Q

DNA and its shape

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid and its a double helix

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4
Q

development of behavior is often …

A

polygenetic

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5
Q

Genetic contributions to psychopathology is around what percent?

A

less than 50%

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6
Q

Branches of the nervous system: (CNS) and what it includes

A

Central nervous system and it includes the brain and spinal cord

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7
Q

Branches of nervous system: (PNS) and what it includes

A

The peripheral nervous system and it contains the somatic and autonomic branches

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8
Q

Soma definition:

A

Cell body

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9
Q

Dendrites definition:

A

Branches that receive messages from other neurons

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10
Q

Axon trunk definition:

A

Sends messages to other neurons

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11
Q

Axon terminals definition:

A

Buds at the end of an axon form which chemical messages are sent

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12
Q

synapses defintion:

A

small gaps that separate neurons

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13
Q

neurons operate ___ but communicate ___

A

Electrically, chemically

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14
Q

neurotransmitters are the ___ messengers

A

chemical

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15
Q

Frontal lobe jobs:

A

Thinking and reasoning abilities, memory, brakes on arousal

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16
Q

Parietal lobe jobs:

A

Touch recognition

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17
Q

Occipital lobe jobs:

A

Integrates visual output

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18
Q

Temporal lobe jobs:

A

recognition of sights, sounds, and long term memory storage

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19
Q

What does the biological model assume?

A

That the mental states, emotions, and behaviors arise largely from physical process

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20
Q

Why is the biological model important for understanding?

A

It helps us understand many components of major mental disorders, but it can’t explain all of the aspects

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21
Q

the Psychodynamic model was created by who?

A

Sigmund freud

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22
Q

Psychodynamic model: childhood experiences shape what?

A

The adult personality

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23
Q

Psychodynamic model: causes and purposes of human behavior are not always…

A

obvious, but partly unconscious (unconscious motivation)

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24
Q

psychodynapic model: Defense mechanisms are used how?

A

People use defense mechanisms to calm and control their anxiety and stress

25
Psychodynamic model: Everything we do has ___ and ___ and is ____
Everything we do has meaning and purpose and is goal directed. (psychic determinism)
26
What is psycho determinism?
Everything we do has meaning and purpose and is goal directed. (we all have our own narrative of our life)
27
Three parts of the psychodynamic theory:
Superego, ego, ID
28
Superego guiding principle and task
guiding principle: Morality. Task: develop conscious and blocks impulses
29
Ego guiding principle and task
guiding principle: Reality. task mediate demands of ID and superego, cope with real world
30
ID guiding principle and task:
Guiding principle: Pleasure. Task: attain gratification of wants, needs, and impulses
31
psychodynamic assesment
-inkblots -tat test -sentence completion tests
32
psychodynamic strengths
-helps us focus on creating better environments for our children -theory of defense mechanisms is intuitive
33
limitations of psychodynamic
-Relative lack of research support for its major assumptions -Abstract and difficult to measure
34
Humanistic models major theorists
-Maslow -Rogers -May
35
Maslows theory for humanistic model
-self actualization, hierarchy of needs
36
Rogers (the father of humanistic theory) ideals for humanistic theory
-Client centered therapy, unconditional positive regard
37
Mays ideals for humanistic theory
-Authenticity, existential psychology
38
Evaluation of humanistic model:
-Positive psychology (factors that allow people to thrive) -Ethical guidelines (refrain from biases; respect)
39
Weaknesses over humanistic model
-Theory lacks great empirical support, and ignores biological influences -not applicable to severe forms of psychopathology
40
Two parts of the cognitive-behavioral model
-cognitive -behavioral
41
Behavioral perspective definition
-focus on environmental stimuli and behavioral responses -Direct observation and measurement
42
cognitive perspective definition
-people often behave in ways that have little to do with reinforcement or classical conditioning
43
Learning principles: Classical conditioning
-a learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired: a response which is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone. -Pavlov's dogs -what went wrong -> fix it by training
44
learning principles: Operant conditioning
-Positive reinforcement -negative reinforcement
45
cognitive principles
-cognitive schemas -cognitive distortions
46
cognitive schemas defintion
-beliefs or exceptions that affect behavior
47
cognitive behavioral model: (what it includes)
-modeling (vicariuous conditoning) -avoidence conditioning
48
modeling (vicarious conditioning) definition:
-observing and learning from others
49
avoidance conditioning:
-combines classical and operant conditioning -avoides objects or siutations b/c of fear/distress drives avoidence
50
learning principles of cognitive behavioral theory
-functional anyalsis of behavior -SORC model
51
SORC model definition
S-stimulis, O-organism, R-response/behavior, C- consequences
52
Treatments for cognitive behavioral theory
-CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) -Rational restructuring (ABC- a=stimulis, b=behavior, c=consequences) -systematic desensitization -exposure treatment -token economy
53
positives of cognitive behavioral theory
-very influential and dominates clincial psychology -effective treatments
54
limitations of cognitive behavioral theory
-does not always provide the best account of how problems orginally develop
55
Sociocultural factors:
-Culture -Gender -Neighborhoods/ communities -families
56
Sociocultural perspective
-great emphasis on enviromental and social influences on psychological problems
57
Culture definition
-unique behavior and lifestyle shared by a group of people -not innate, but learned from others -different that enthicy and race
58
culture bound syndromes
-(direct cause) -everyone in a culture having superstition type beliefs -koro, dhat
59
treatment for sociocultural model
-family therapy -couples therapy -prevent discrimination

Abnormal Psych (5 decks)

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