Chapter V: Colonialism and Traditions (1521–1898) Flashcards
(26 cards)
What were Spain’s colonial motives?
God, Glory, and Gold.
What was Legaspi’s religious strategy in colonization?
Convert local leaders to facilitate mass conversions.
What was the encomienda system?
A system granting tribute rights over a territory to Spaniards.
What replaced encomiendas later?
Haciendas, especially by religious orders.
What are polos y servicios?
Forced labor for public works.
What was the Galleon Trade?
Manila-Acapulco trade linking the Philippines to the Americas.
What role did natives play in the Galleon Trade?
As laborers, not profit recipients.
How did Spanish taxation harm native leadership?
It reduced their power to mere tax collectors.
What was the indulto de comercio?
Right of alcaldes to engage in commerce.
What is frailocracia?
Rule by friars dominating local governance.
How were native leaders viewed in colonial society?
Inferior to even the lowest Spaniard.
What were the three sociocultural patterns?
Christian, Muslim, and indigenous (infieles) cultures.
What was the Propaganda Movement?
Reformist movement seeking equality and representation.
Who were the Gomburza?
Burgos, Gomez, and Zamora — martyred priests.
What did La Liga Filipina advocate?
Reforms within the colonial framework.
What group succeeded the Propaganda Movement?
The Katipunan.
Who led the Katipunan?
Andres Bonifacio.
What was the Moro response to Spain?
Armed resistance and jihad (the Islamic method of dealing with an enemy).
What were sabilallahs?
Muslim warriors who fought to the death for faith.
Why did Spanish efforts fail in the Cordilleras?
Geographic barriers and resistance.
What did mountain groups do to avoid colonization?
Retreat deeper into uplands.
How did Muslims treat upland communities?
How did Muslims treat upland communities?
What was Spain’s “divide and rule” policy?
Favoring one group over others to maintain control.
What created deep cultural divisions in colonial society?
Racial and religious classification.
